MOE, MARTIN A. 



1964. A collection of data in reference to 

 red-tide outbreaks during 1963. 7. A 

 note on a red tide fish kill in Tampa 

 Bay, Florida, during April 1963. Fla, 

 Bd. Conserv., Mar. Lab., p. 122-125. 



Identified 52 species of fish killed in 

 the outbreak. 



MONTAGNE, C. 



1844. Sur le phe'nomene de la coloration des 

 eaux de la mer rouge. Ann. Sci. Nat,, 

 ser. 3, Bot. 2:332-362. [Non vidi.] 



MOORE, M. A, 



1882. Fish mortality in the Gulf of Mexico, 

 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4:125-126. 



"About two years ago [1878] certain 

 portions of our Gulf waters became 

 poisoned in some way that caused the 

 death of all the fish that came in con- 

 tact with it. Whenever a smack with a 

 full fare, i.e., a full cargo of fine healthy 

 fish in her well, sailed into this poisoned 

 water every fish would die, and they 

 would have to be thrown away. 



"This state of affairs has occurred 

 again [1880]; the waters of some por- 

 tions of the Gulf becoming so noxious 

 as to kill the fish. The poison seems to 

 be confined to certain localities and 

 currents for the time being, as some- 

 times this state of affairs is observed 

 more marked at one place and some- 

 times at another. However, there seems 

 to be more of it about the mouth of 

 Charlotte Harbor and off Punta Rassa 

 than elsewhere." [p. 125.] 



MUNK, WALTER H., and GORDON A. RILEY. 

 1952. Absorption of nutrients by aquatic 

 plants. J. Mar. Res. 1 1(2):2I 5-240. 

 [Cited by Ryther, 1955.] 



NELSON, THURLOW C. 



1948. Red oysters. N.J. Fisherman (Nov.) 

 [Cited from Pomeroy et al., 1956. Non 

 vidi.] 



Red oysters, exuding blood-red 

 liquor, were associated with dinoflagel- 

 late blooms in Delaware Bay. 



NIGHTINGALE, H. W. 



1936. Red water organisms. Their occur- 

 rence and influence upon marine aquatic 

 animals, with special reference to shell- 

 fish in waters of the Pacific Coast. The 

 Argus Press, Seattle, Wash. 24 p. [Non 

 vidi.] 



Reviewed red-water worldwide occur- 

 rences since 1871. 



NISHIKAWA, T. 



1901. Gonyaulax ( Polygamma ) and the dis- 

 colored water in the Bay of Agu. Annot. 

 Zool. Jap., Part I, IV: 31-34. 



An outbreak of red water by Gonyaulax 

 polygamma did no dannage; earlier out- 

 breaks in some localities were reported 

 to be highly destructive to pearl oysters, 

 fishes, and crustaceans, 



NORDLI, E. 



1953. Salinity and temperature as control- 

 ling factors for distribution and n-iass 

 occurrence of Ceratia. Blyttia 11:16- 

 18. [Cited from Ryther, 1955.] 



NUMANN, WILHELM. 



1957. Natiirliche und kiinstliche "red water" 

 mit anschliessenden Fischsterben im 

 Meer. (Natural and artificial "redwater" 

 with associated fish mortalities in the 

 sea). Arch. Fischereiwiss. 8(3):204- 

 209. [Summarized from a translation 

 by Alexander Dragovich.] 



He personally observed in the 

 Bodensee how whitefish avoided the 

 areas having heavy diatonn concentra- 

 tions. 



Author observed an outbreak off the 

 coast of Angola during August 1951. He 

 stated that the nutrient-rich zone ex- 

 tends from Angola to Lobito-Benguela, 

 where the Benguela current deflects to 

 the west. At the end of July and the 

 beginning of August he observed an 

 explosionlike outburst of phytoplankton 

 a little north of the mouth of the Congo. 

 As he traveled south, yellowish-brown 

 and red masses of plankton occurred 

 for 600 km, to Lobito, north of the 

 nutrient-rich coastal waters. The plank- 

 ton masses were never observed on 

 the surface farther than 10 miles off- 

 shore. A deep red was seldom ob- 

 served; instead, a brownish. yellow was 

 much more frequently noted. 



During the first half of September 

 1951, water in the Bay of Luanda was 

 blood- red, and enormous quantities of 

 dead fish covered the surface. He took 

 plankton sannples 5 miles off the coast 

 of Luanda on July 27, at the beginning 

 of the outbreak. In individual samples 

 (analyzed by De Sousa e Silva, 1953) 

 69 to 92 percent was Exuviella baltica 

 Lohmann. Prorocentrum micans Ehren- 

 berg and Prorocentrum sp. constituted 

 up to 10 percent, and Peridinium sp. 

 up to 1 3 percent. 



He described an outbreak of red tide 

 in the Bay of Izmir (Agean Sea) caused 

 by a species of Gymnodinium . The 

 water was coffee brown to yellowish 



56 



