rapidly because nutrients are received 

 through drainage from the land. . . ." 

 [p. 7.] 



In 1948, a small Federal laboratory- 

 was established at Sarasota, where 

 laboratory culture experinnents and 

 hydrographic sampling at sea were 

 undertaken. While the laboratory was 

 at Sarasota, from 1948 to 1952, how- 

 ever, not one specimen of G. breve 

 was taken in samples. The laboratory 

 moved back to Galveston in June 1952, 

 and the red tide broke out again in 

 November. 



Bureau scientists were able to keep 

 G. brevis cultures alive after the 1952 

 outbreak. The Alaska collected a great 

 deal of hydrographic data in the red- 

 tide area, however, and had some 

 success at killing red-tide organisms 

 by discharging a concentrated solution 

 of copper sulfate from its ballast tanks 

 into the ciffected areas. 



Another outbreak followed in Sep- 

 tember 1953. "During this outbreak, 

 copper-sulfate crystals were placed 

 in sacks and towed behind small boats, 

 off Anna Marie Key, at the mouth of 

 Tampa Bay. Again this experiment was 

 successful in killing the organisms. . . . 

 [p. 8.] 



"From 1948 the Federal Government 

 spent approximately $50,000 each year 

 on red-tide research, until 1953 when 

 the appropriation was reduced to 

 $35,000. In the fiscal year 1955, $70,000 

 has been earmarked for the Fish and 

 Wildlife Service's use. In January 1954, 

 the Service reestablished a field station 

 in Florida, this time at Fort Myers .... 



"In May, a new 43-foot vessel, since 

 named the Kingfish , was delivered at 

 Fort Myers for use in studying the 

 ocean conditions that cause red 

 tides. ... [p, 9.] 



". . . the Gulf States Marine Fish- 

 eries Commission, established by a 

 compact among the five Gulf States, 

 has appointed a special red-tide com- 

 mittee, of which Dr. F. G. Walton 

 Snnith, Director of the University of 

 Miami Marine Laboratory, is chairman. 

 On the committee are representatives 

 of the University of Florida at Gains- 

 ville and of the Fish and Wildlife Serv- 

 ice, by law the primary research agency 



of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries 

 Commission. The work of the three 

 agencies is thus coordinated. . . ." 

 [p. 10-11.] 



SCHILLER, JOS. 



1933. Dinoflagellatae. In Kryptogamen- 

 Flora (L. Rabenhorst). Band 10, Abt. 

 3, Teil 1. Akad. Verlags., Leipzig, 

 617 p. 



SCHILLER, JOS. 



1937. Dinoflagellatae. In Kryptogamen- 

 Flora (L. Rabenhorst). Band 10, Abt. 

 3, Teil 2. Akad. Verlags., Leipzig, 

 589 p. 



SEYDEL, ElvUL. 



1913. Fischsterben durch Wasserbliite. 

 Mitt. Fisch.-Ver., Prov. Brandenburg, 

 N.F. 5(9):87-91. 



SHERWOOD, GEORGE H., and VINAL N. 

 EDWARDS. 

 1902. Red tide in Narragansett Bay, R.I. 

 In Biological notes no. 2 (a contribution 

 from the U.S. Fish Commission Biologi- 

 cal Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.), 

 p. 30. U.S. Fish Comm., Bull. 21. 



SHILO, MOSHE, S, SARIG, MIRIAM SHILO, and 

 H. ZEEV. 

 1954. Control of Prymnesium parvum in 

 fish ponds with the aid of copper sul- 

 fate. Bamidgeh, Bull. Fish Cult. Israel 

 6(3): 99-102. 



SHILO [SHELUBSKY], M., and M. ASCHNER. 

 1953. Factors governing the toxicity of cul- 

 tures containing the phytoflagellate 

 Prymnesium parvum Carter. J. Gen. 

 Microbiol. 8(3):333-343. [Reference 

 from Ray and Wilson, 1957.] 



Concerning this paper Ray and Wilson 

 (1957, p. 488) stated: "Another role 

 for which bacteria must be considered 

 is that of a detoxicating agent. Shilo 

 and Aschner (1953) found that bacteria 

 decreased the toxicity of cultures of 

 Prymnesium parvum, a marine and 

 brackish water chrysomonad that is 

 toxic to fish. Similarly, bacterial ac- 

 tivity may influence the toxicity of 

 C. brevis in the laboratory and in 

 nature." See also McLaughlin (1956). 



SLOBODKIN, L. BASIL. 



1953. A possible initial condition for red 

 tides on the coast of Florida. J. Mar. 

 Res. 12(1):148-155. 



A mininnum critical size is assumed 

 for a water mass physiologically suit- 

 able for the growth of a phytoplainkton 



63 



