areas, which are dependent upon precipitation as the 

 primary source of supply. The normal-range streams 

 appear to fall geographically between and may com- 

 bine characteristics of both cold- and warm -range 

 streams. Timing of the salmon runs, especially pink 

 salmon, also follows the geographic distribution out- 

 lined above. Recording thermograph data, available 

 from a number of streams with known escapement 

 timing, have been used as a basis for comparison. 



Volley description . --Glacial, stream -cut, 

 etc, , describe valley origin with a general descrip- 

 tion of the outstanding features such as length, 

 width, timber, slopes, directions, etc. They have 

 been obtained from aerial photographs and by 

 direct observations. 



Drainage area. --This has been either esti- 

 mated in square miles or computed with a polar pla- 

 nimeter from aerial photographs. Estimates of the 

 drainage area of large systems have been taken from 

 the small-scale, key, composite photographs and are 

 less reliable. Data from Water Power of South - 

 eostem Alaska 1947 are included when available. 

 Descriptions are given of supply sources, drainage 

 topography, and characteristics governing water 

 quality and temperature ranges during spawning from 

 the editor's interpretation of aerial photos and local 

 knowledge. 



Stream mouth identification. --This is a 

 description of some general featiu-es visible at the 

 stream mouth. 



Anchorage. --Descriptions of temporary 

 anchorages which have been used for short stops by 

 stream survey vessels are given. Overnight and storm 

 anchorages are given in the U. S. Coast Pilot . 



Trails ond survey routes. --These include 

 descriptions of trails that have been used by groimd 

 parties on stream surveys. Where other than the 

 stredmbed was used, a description of routes is given, 

 including difficult points, identification, outstanding 

 features, presence of brown bears, etc. Reference to 

 right or left bank is made while facing in the direction 

 of the current. 



Aerial survey notes. --The notes include 

 remarks from various individual observations on the 

 visibility in each stream and the conditions con- 

 sidered necessary for adequate observations. Ap- 

 proaches to valley, starting points, and any known 

 hazards are described from aerial surveyor's notes 

 and the editor's knowledge of the area. 



Intertidal Zone 



Length. --The distance is given in miles 

 from mean high to mean low tide, obtained from 

 aerial photographs measured to the nearest tenth of 

 a mile. Where low tide locations were not known 

 the measurement was made from the edge of tidal 

 flats visible in the photographs. 



Average width. --These are estimates in 

 feet, based on observations by various individuals. 



Average depth. — These are estimates in 

 inches, or in feet in larger systems, based on ob- 

 servation by various individuals. 



Gradient. --Estimates are in degrees from 

 horizontal, based on observation by various in- 

 dividuals. 



Velocity . --Estimates are in feet per second 

 during normal water levels, based on observation by 

 various individuals. 



Bottom. --A description is given of the com- 

 position such as gravel (range from 1/4 inch to over 

 5 inches in diameter, arbitrary division point), mud, 

 silt, organic materials, broken and water-washed 

 rock, boulders, large rocks, bedrock, etc. , accord- 

 ing to observation by various individuals. 



Low tide location. --The location of the 

 mean low tide point is an approximation and is 

 given only where it falls near good identification 

 points, usually found in restricted stream outlets. 



High tide location. --The mean high tide 

 location generally has been found to correspond to 

 the tree line. Other methods of locating the high 

 tides, such as markers, are described wjien present. 



Salmon schooling areas. --The areas are 

 usually found near high tide where pools often occur. 

 The areas are described with reference to the mean 

 high tidemark. Annual variations in streombeds may 

 alter locations of schooling areas. 



Spawning areas. --Major areas are described 

 with reference to the high tidemark. Location may 

 change with change in stream conditions. 



General notes. --This includes notes per- 

 tinent to the intertidal stream that are of interest 

 and importance in the description of runs. 



