Upstreom 



Escapement Record 



Length accessible. — The length given in 

 miles was measured from aerial photographs along 

 the course of the stream to the known upper limits 

 of salmon migration. Where barriers restrict majot 

 species but allow more vigorous species to pass, 

 secondary species limits are given under "Barriers. " 



Gradient. — Slope was estimated in degrees 

 from horizontal, based on observation by various in- 

 dividuals. 



Velocity. --It is in feet per second during 

 normal water levels and is an estimate from obser- 

 vation by various individuals. 



Bottom. --A description is given whether 

 gravel (range from 1/4 inch to over 5 inches in dia- 

 meter, arbitrary division point), mud, silt, organic 

 materials, broken and water-washed rock, boulders, 

 bedrock, etc. , are present, from observation by 

 various individuals. 



Marker distance. --Distance is given in 

 miles along stream course to standard termination 

 point for salmon counting. 



Marker identification. --Descriptions of an 

 artificial marker or of identification feature marking 

 termination point for salmon spawning surveys is 

 given. 



Barriers. --Distance and location above 



high tide point to known barriers, both passable and 

 impassable, are listed. Descriptions are also given 

 wh<=n available. 



Tributaries. --Tributaries used by spawning 

 salmon are listed by distance from the mouth of the 

 main stream, by direction, and by importance. 

 Tributaries not used by salmon, but numerous, are 

 mentioned under "Drainage. " 



Salmon schooling areas. --Based on survey 

 records, major salmon schooling areas are listed 

 where specific locations have been observed for an 

 individual stream. 



Spawning areas. --Mojor areas are described 

 by distance above high tide or from a reference 

 point in the stream. 



General notes. --The notes include data 

 pertinent to the upstream areas that are of interest and 

 importance in the description of salmon escapements. 



Statistical area number. --The number used 

 by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to 

 designate the statistical areas is given on the upper 

 left side of the heading. 



Stream name. --This appears in the center 

 of the first line of the heading. 



Stream number . --The new and old numbers 

 appear on the right side of the first line of the head- 

 ing on the first page of the escapement record. 



Date surveyed. --Surveys are listed chron- 

 ologically. 



Miles surveyed. --Distances are given as 

 measured along stream courses to the termination 

 point of the regular survey. Grovmd surveys are des- 

 ignated by "G" and aerial surveys by "A. " These 

 symbols precede miles surveyed. 



Surveyed by . — Initials of surveying 

 organizations are listed as follows: Alaska Depart- 

 ment of Fish and Game, ADF; Alaska Salmon In- 

 dustry, ASI; Fisheries Research Institute, FRI; 

 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Com- 

 mercial Fisheries, FWS; and U. S. Forest Service, 

 USFS. 



Pinks, chums, other species. --Abundance 

 of salmon observed during surveys is given as a 

 numerical estimate. Estimates of secondary species 

 are usually less reliable than those for the primary 

 species. Estimates of dead salmon of all species 

 usually are very general, having been based on the 

 percentage of the count. 



Remarks. --Adjective ratings are given 

 first when available. The ratings range from poor 

 to excellent and describe the abundance of salmon 

 for the surveyed date only. They do not indicate 

 seasonal escapement abundance. Other notes 

 entered in this column include survey conditions, 

 behavior and distribution of salmon, and salmon 

 observations beyond stated survey distances. 



Weir Record 



Salmon escapement counts made by weirs 

 operated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

 and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game 

 follow Escapement Record when available. 



