Finally, the scale coat is not the single guaranty for genotypical characteristics, 

 which — as some believe — are inherent in fishes of a certain type of scales. This forma- 

 tion only shows the origin. V.'ith regard to racial conception, I shall also refer to 

 experiments on the trcwt (V B, 2), 



I shall briefly give the characteristics of several important races set up as guide 

 lines by the German Leather Carp Association, although the r/hole domain of race breeding 

 still requires further elaboration and although many noteworthy foreign races like the 

 Bohemian and Hungarian, as well as very constantly successful and productive domestic 

 hybridizations (between Aischgrtlnd and Galician races in the Lttneberg Heath) were not 

 included in the existing German researches and production tests. The productivities of 

 these races were tested under similar (though regionally conditioned, hence not generally 

 applicable) conditions by the researches of EHaerh. Naumann, Walter and Demoll (1928) in 

 the fisheries of Zeissholz (District of Kamenz in Saxony) and ffielenbach (Upper Bavaria). 



(1) Aischgrtlnder carp . Body proportions 1:2. Leather carp, no scales at all or 

 only a row of scales along each side of the backline, and a few stray scales 

 at the fin roots. Short tail stem, short, pointed, low head, strong nape. 

 Evenly curved lines of back and belly. 



(2) Galician carp . Body proportions 1:2.5; mirror carp with uninterrupted mirror 

 scale line or with a mirror scale coat in either the front or rear quarter, 

 or in some cases even without scales, like a leather carp. Scales may also 

 be found upon the lines of back and belly, either singly or in a closed line. 

 Belly line and head line almost upon the same plane. The back line is evenly 

 curved. 



(3) Lusatian carp . Body proportions 1:3, scaler. Short, steeply rising head. 

 Back line steeply rising behind the head and then flattening out. 



(4^) Franconian caiT. Body proportions 1:2.3; leather carp, no scales or at the 

 utmost with one row of scales along each side of the back, and some stray 

 scales at the fin roots. Small, low head, Backline evenly rising from head 

 to back fin (in a smooth curve) and then evenly descending toward the tall. 

 More or less distinguished by a blueish side coloring (*Bavarian" carp). 



With regard to the Hungarian carp , recently introduced — and with success — in some 

 fisheries in Northern Germany for crossing purposes, I wish to mention that today — 

 according to linger — an improved "race" of Cyprinus carpio var. Hungaricus has attained 

 quite some fame, the so-called Cyprinus carpio f. nobilis Hungarica , 



This variety is the offshoot from pre-war crossings of the Jugo-Slavian carp v/ith 

 Cyprinus higoi and Japanese carp. The variety is raised as scalers, mirror-carp and 

 leather carp and is remarkable — in Hungary — for rapid growth. One of its characteristics 

 is the suddenly rising back — immediately behind the head — and a great width. Body pro- 

 portions are about H:L eq 1:2.3, height:width eq 1:1.8. The last word has not been 

 spoken about this race £uid its name. 



1 will not speak here at length of the Bohemian race, but will mention that some 

 fisheries make use of themaren today — every few years — for introduction of fresh 

 blood into their stock. It is said that the pretty long fish increase the resistance 

 of the Galician carp, and they are raised upon an extensive scale. 



In view of steadily increasing diseases, especially of abdominal dropsy and of 

 gill rot, such an increase in resistance is quite often more in^jortant than all other 

 chsLracteristics, such as good food assimilation, etc., not to speak of external char- 

 acteristics. 



A comparison of the different German races brought out the follof^ing facts 

 in Germany I 



The Lusatian carp is the liveliest, hence in greatest need of oxygen, while the 

 Aischgrtmder is the laziest. 



75 



