a lately much praised trout food (presumably SaLnona) consists of a mixture of fish flour 

 with about 15 percent of grain flour. He considers the price far too high. Ready made 

 mixtures are preferred in the small fishery because the manager saves the effort of 

 selecting good quality foods and the work of mixing them. 



All warm foodstuffs have to cool off again, and of course, before they are given to 

 the fish. It is recommended to leave them over night in a most possibly germ-free cool 

 room or refrigerator after mixing and chopping. 



D. Characteristics and uses of the different food3« 



1. Vegetable Foods . 



Lupine . They are the ideal food for carp and tench. Their issuance is simple and 

 they are very nourishing ydthout reacting unfavorably upon the quality of the produced 

 fish meat. Their average food quotient is I, and should not vary more than between 3 and 

 5, There is hardly any difference between yellow and blue lupine. 



Walter's experiments have also shown better results some times with one variety and 

 again with the other. Lower quality is usable but of poorer activity. A disadvantage of 

 lupines is their poor storage ability. In recent years lupine has often been too expensive 

 in regard to table carps; the ratio of lupine purchase to carp production price (as intro- 

 duced by Briking), has become too unfavorable. The lupine pidce must be at most one eight 

 of the carp price in order to maintain profitability. The well storable dry preparations 

 like "Lupiscin" on account of their low water content, often have a high food quotient, but 

 are also higher priced. 



Soya bean middling extraco . It has become a good substitute for lupine in recent 

 years. It is a by-product of oil extraction, contains only 1 to ^ percent of fat and is 

 generally known as so^-a middling. The food quotient as well as the food value are about 

 the same as lupine. It is easier to keep in storage and ready to serve — even to younger 

 carp — without first putting it through the mill. "Vita Middlings", a light-colored 

 variety showed a high food quotient in the hatcheries at Wielenbach, while "Vita-Uolasses 

 Bricks" were less satisfactory. 



Other legumes are also good but too high in price. 



Horse Chestnuts . Precaution necessary. Can lead to saponine poisoning. 



Lilaize can be used in a similar manner as lupine. Due to its high fat content and 

 variable food ratio it produces soft fish, lacking in resistance and the flesh will taste 

 of maize. Jn holding ponds, "maize carp" lose considerably in weight, hence, maize feeding 

 should be stopped a few weeks before marketing the fish. Altogether, not more than 50 

 percent of maize should ever be added to any food mixture. Its food quotient is somewhat 

 hicher than the food quotient of lupine (averaging about 5). Despite its broad foodstuff 

 ration, maize and also maizena are very good in the feeding of brood over 5 cm. In length 

 and of yearling carps. The natural nutrition can of course completely satisfy the 

 metabolic and therefore also the protein requirement. 



Maize is rich in vitamin A and if not too plentifully given during the second part of 

 the summer will aid the carp to store away a food reserve for the winter without fattening 

 them all too much. 



If used for broodlings, 25 percent of fish flour is usually added. For trout, up to 

 20 percent of Maizena is often added to tb^lr food as a by-product, although iV is not a 

 good "binder". 



Ryep parley and "t.hor f>^fijj|g^ are given whole or crushed to carp and tench. Boiling, 

 often recotomendeci, is not necessary. 



137 



