From all of this it is repeatedly shown, that the hibernation ponds cannot arbitrar- 

 ily be strongly stocked. It is therefore necessary to give approximate guiding figures 

 for the stocking of hibernation ponds. The details given in Chapter I, E, 2 and in 

 Chapter VI show that carps, even in a warm sununer where the maintenance requirement is 

 high, can completely maintain their weight if 1 two-year carp of 300 grains (10.58 oz.) 

 for each 5 square meters (53.8 sq. ft,) of pond water surface is set in, or if 2 yearling 

 carps or 2 two-year tenches per 1 square meter (10.76 sq. ft.) are reckoned. As the 

 nutrition requirement of the fishes is much smaller in winter and the amount of natural 

 food animals in the pond can be very considerable, 2 to 3 one-year carps or two-year 

 tenches or 1 to 2 two-year carps for each square meter (10.76 sq. ft.) may be placed in 

 the hibernation pond without hesitation. This stock surface is to be decreased or 

 increased according to the nature of the hibernation pond. 



I recommend that the hibernation ponds be covered wjLth water as early as the be- 

 ginning of October. In October there are still large swarms of midges flying about as 

 matured insects, while in November their number rapidly decreases. With water coverage 

 in October an abundant deposit of eggs can be expected, from which larger hibernating 

 larT^ae develop in about two months. 



The above details on hibernation are valid, as already mentioned, for carp and 

 tench pond fisheries. In trout culture, all fishes, with the exception of the spawn 

 trout, remain in the mast ponds or in the fingerling ponds and are arranged in size 

 classes. Where conditions permit, larger quantities of fishes can naturally be drawn 

 together in single ponds. Feeding is done in the trout pond fishery as long as food is 

 taken up, because trout take food well even with few degrees of warmth, and even at 3*C 

 a considerable increase in growth may be achieved. 



All hibernation ponds — especially true for the carp pond fishery, for trout culture 

 it would not need to be mentioned again — must be situated in the vicinity of a warder's 

 dwelling so they are protected against theft and can be continually observed, 1 protect- 

 ed location is also verj"- desirable. 



The above details which show the great difficulties of hibernation, give the small 

 pond manager the serious reminder always to manage in such a way that he does not have 

 to hibernate any fishes, and that his ponds become empty in the autumn. Usually, the 

 small pond manager must grow table fishes in one summer. Purchased two-year carps or 

 large two-year tenches and one-year rainbow trout must accordingly be set in, in the 

 spring (see Chapter XIII ), 



Chapter XI 



FISH TRAJiSPORTATION 



The possibility of the live shipment of fishes to further distances cannot be valued 

 highly enough: upon this depends the upswing of the modern pond fishery. 



As transport utensils for live shipment, the most varied forms of fish cans are used 

 for few small fishes, for fish brood and for individual fishes (Fig. 61). White metal 

 (pure tin) cans may be used v;ithout painting, but they must if they contain over 20 liters 

 (5.28 gal.) be packed in baskets with straw so that they do not become dented and leaky. 

 Zinc plated cans and barrels are to be coated inside with protective paint (see Chapter IX), 

 as zinc poisoning starts verj^ easily. The sensitive little vitellin-sac brood of maranes 

 (Coregonus) perishes in a few hours even in scoured and washed zinc coated cans. For pro- 

 tection against impact and sudden temperature changes, all cans are to be covered with 

 paper and sewed into sack linen. Cans with 15 to 20 liters {^ to 5,28 gal.) capacity may 

 also be carried by a man; but for brood transportation cans of up to 40 liters (10.56 gal.) 

 are still often used. In the transportation of smaller brood a fine gauze should be 

 stretched under the cover. 



The most used transport utensils for averagely large quantities of llngerlings and 

 table fishes are the lying, oval fish barrels and the standing fish barrels, and the tubs 

 (rig. 61), They are made of wood, particularly larch wood, or of "galvanized iron". 



184 



