In carrying out live shipment, the following rules must be observed, in addition to 

 the details already discussed. 



(1) Become informed at the right tine in regard to railroad, tariff and 

 shipping rules, determine the route, in order to guarantee large 

 reductions in the live shipment of fishes, and notify the receiver. 



(2) Select night trains if possible, provide for continuous motion of the 

 barrels at junction stations by notification. Have valuable shipments 

 accompanied. 



(3) Only standardized, not unhandy barrels up to the permitted sizes should 

 be used, 



(^) Before shipment, fishes should be allowed to recuperate and cleanse 

 themselves in reservoirs. Ship only fishes with empty intestines, 



(5) Barrels should be loaded before thej"- are filled vfith water and fishes. 

 7/hen fillinj^ through narrov/ openings, funn^s or straw rings are to be 

 used. 



(6) Ice should be added in large pieces for slow cooling, 



(7) Shipments should be called for immediately upon arrival. 



(8) TThen unloading use slides made of sheet metal or sack hoses 

 (see Chapter IX). 



The shipment of killed "living fresh", "living firm" fishes occurs ever more 

 frequently for small scale sales in closer environment and also in pond fisheries. Value 

 in this regard should always be placed on good sorting and on the uniformity of packing. 

 The fishes should be packed firmly with ice, but the ice must not come into direct con- 

 tact v/ith them. In the trout pond fishery, the killed and taken out trout are frequently 

 "ringed" together head to tail and arranged in rov/s in tightly closed slender cylindrical 

 tin cans filled with ice (called "Schnede packing" after the large fishery at Schnede in 

 Hannover), Very valuable suggestions on the methods of shipping of killed fishes in 

 showing baskets, crates and boxes are given by the observation leaflets No's 2, i*, and 5 

 of the Prussian General Chamber of Agriculture, Berlin S W 11, Naturally in every 

 industry there must be repeated and renewed consideration as to which kind of shipment 

 is most profitable. The price conditions for living and killed fishes often give various 

 answers to this question according to the time and locality. 



Chapter XII 



POND FISHERY BOOKKEEPING 



Bookkeeping in the pond fishery also, like in the rest of agriculture, has the 

 important general task of providing regulation, of verifjang yield and income and of 

 expediting the industrial organization and management. Pond fishery bookkeeping should 

 therefore be copied basically from agricultural bookkeeping. It will be sufficient at 

 this place to point out the peculiarities of bookkeeping for pond industries. 



For the annual determination of the net yield, the gross -field, and the expenses 

 must be knovm. Records must therefore be available showing money received or covering 

 the cash value of items used in one's ovm production, and the natural gross jdelds 

 given in kind or as gifts converted to a monetary basis. According to the procedures 

 of Bruening, they can be separated into main and secondary productions and other 

 remaining receipts. The expenditures are composed of: Purchase of stock, food, natural 

 and artificial fertilizers, salaries, v/ages, costs of water coverage and fish stocking of 

 ponds, maintenance, insurance of the equipment (machines, sluice boxes, dams, etc.), 

 interest on the dead inventory, building rental, expenses for special soil improvements, 

 anxl other expenditures. 



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