culture, stock fish and table fish culture. Special annual brief summaries for all 

 ponds show a general view regarding the fishes available for stockin,;^ or for sale. 

 Ever;/ bookkeeping can naturally benefit only the capable pond manager, who understands 

 how to make the records useful for the improvement of the industrj'. 



Chapter XIII 



SHALL POND MANAGEMENT 



The small pond management is understood to be the management of a single small pond 

 or of a few small-sized ponds, that is of "Small Managements", It is always only a 

 secondary operation. It has been frequently emphasized that it can be only secondary. 

 For raising fishes from the egg to table-sized and spawn fishes, the necessary pond 

 area, the necessary number of ponds, and also a trained continually available working 

 forc6 would be lacking. Furthermore, since hibernation could not follow in the same 

 pond for reasons of fertility and hygiene, and other special preliminary conditions are 

 also required, which in most cases are not given in the small pond fishery, it is 

 logical to regard fish holding in a one summer rotation and of course mostly the one 

 year growing of table fishes as the simplest, surest and most profitable kind of revenue 

 frcn small ponds. 



Only In exceptional cases, in which stock fishes can be used and disposed of in the 

 neighborhood, is it possible for the small pond operator to grow and sell younger age 

 classes in a one summer rotation advantageously. 



The short term of this one summer thrifty rotation is therefore also especially 

 val\iable, because it favors the interest and a rapid production of profit. This factor 

 is psychologically very important for the promotion of the small pond fishery by larger 

 scale business, 



TThen several small ponds close together are to be operated and there is another 

 available small pond which fulfills all the preliminary conditions of a good hibernation 

 pond and can t3e used exclusively for hibernation, then I v.'ould like to advise despite 

 this to deviate from the one summer rotation and to supply instead, two summer fishes 

 with a one time hibernation of the fingerlings. It is just the relatively high price of 

 two-j'-ear carps and tenches and one-year brook and rainbow trout which often nullifies 

 the monetary success of the small pond fishery. Trout brood and one-sujnmer carps and 

 tenches are always far cheaper, the stock expenses are not verj' heavy. For the hiber- 

 nation, of several hundred fingerlings a pond of only 50 square meters (538 sq, ft.) is 

 sufficient if it has a small spring brook of suitable size for an inflow (see Chapter X). 



Two summer rotation with two summer term of water coverage is only to be recanmended 

 with deep, winter safe, but difficult to drain ponds. 



The two summer rotation in carp holding can be conducted in three ways: First, all 

 ponds can be stocked with a mixed stock of about 50 percent one-summer carps and 50 per- 

 cent of tT?o-summer carps. Secondly, in one or several ponds, about 30 percent of the 

 total available area can be used for growing one and two year carps and the remaining 

 70 percent for two and three year carps. Thirdly, one and two yffar carps can be grown 

 without feeding in the first year, and in the second year with feeding, the same carps 

 can be grown to table carps. 



In the small pond management, obviously the same rules for stock calculation, feed- 

 ing and pond care which were detailed in Chapters VI, VII, and VIII are to be applied. 



Of all the kinds of fishes which can be kept in the small pond management, the carp 

 occupies the first place. It grows very quickly and is so resistant that it cannot be all 

 too easily injured in handling even by relatively inexperienced small pond operators. 

 Two year stock carps for the one summer rotation should not be selected too large (up to 

 400 grama, 14,1 ounces at most) in order that they do not become too expensive and have 

 not too high a maintenance requirement (see Chapter VI). As for the rest, they can be fed 



190 



