(n) Namura =- A general term far surfaced fisho Skipjack schools i^ich 

 swim about in the open ssa ere called skipjack namurao 



(0) Bo-ttom namura -= A term applied tO' skipjack schools which swim sub= 

 merged belojr the surface. 



These are the characteristics which skipjack fishermen in all 

 localities have since ancient times considered impnTtant not only for the 

 finding of schools but also for :at3hing the fish,. There are \?arious 

 local dialect names applied to the same single phenomenonc These terms 

 have been used from ancient times to the present day without ever having 

 been standardized o 



Paragraph 3 Other Characteristics 



(1) Bait=taking characteristics 



Skipjack are by natuie averse to eating dead foodo This means that 

 they cannot be taken anletits live bait is usedo However,, old fish which 

 have lost- their raigaatcry powers and which drift about in the sea together 

 with the albaccre wherever the currents may earry them occasionally do 

 take dead bait a 



(2) Predators of the skipjack 



They are pursued by thi striped marlin and the okiga wara / Cybium 

 chinense _/o 



(3) Vertical movements of the skipjack 



It is naturally characteristic of the skipjack to swim in the 

 s'urface layer of th& O'l-.-raa,, but^ perhaps to avoid the attacks of predators 

 or perhaps in order to search for food,, they prefer to swim below the 

 surface ex^^ept whsii. they are feedingo Tliey also come up to the surface 

 i&ien plafxktin t^; ^■^•esent there;, in the dim light of dawn and evening, and 

 when the tide creates rising currents^ Hies, the movement of the tide 

 seasesc, the skipjack which are at the surface tend to submerge. This 

 tendency is especially characteristic of the schools of sedentary skip^ 

 jacko 



The time of surfacing for "roving** skipjack toe is from dawn to about 

 8^00 a^.u and from about 2300 p^m. to sunsetc They do not surface very 

 mrucn c -ring the middle of the day when the sun's rays are strong,, Schools 

 whi:h on rare occasions do come up at such times are "playing" fish and 

 will not take the bait, iround August when the sun's rays are strong and 

 the water temperatures rise the surfacing and feeding activities of the 

 fish become dull and this is said to be the dog-days vacation of the 

 skipjack = 



Within the range of h^bittbls isi?,ter temperetui'es of the sea areas 

 in which thsy dwelip fr - :,ii.ipj a'Sk uend to prefer areas of c^omparatively 

 high temperatures in tnfo spring and low temperatures in the fallo There 

 are also lo;al peculiarities caused by special characteristics of the 



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