The Life-History and Anatomy of Butterflies 



it is easy for one who has studied the matter to tell approximately 

 to what family the form belongs, even when it is not specifically 

 known. Chrysalids are in most cases obscure in coloring, though 

 a few are quite brilliant, and, as in the case of the common milk- 

 weed butterfly {Anosia plexippiis), ornamented with golden-hued 

 spots. The chrysalids of the Nymphalidce, one of the largest 



Fig. 24. — Chrysalis 

 oi /4iiosia plfxippus, 

 final form (Riley). 



Fig. 25. — Chrysalis of Papilio phileuor: a, 

 front view; h, side view, showing manner in which 

 it is held in place by the girdle of silk (Riley). 



groups of butterflies, are all suspended. The chrysalids of the 

 Papilionidcc, or swallowtail butterflies, are held in place by girdles, 

 and generally are bifurcate or cleft at the upper end (Fig. 25), and 

 are greenish or wood-brown in color. 



A study of the structure of all chrysalids shows that within 

 them there is contained the immature butterfly. The segments of 

 the body are ensheathed in the corresponding segments of the 



chrysalis, and soldered 

 over these segments are 

 ensheathing plates of 

 chitinous matter under 

 which are the wings of 

 the butterfly, as well as all 

 the other organs neces- 

 sary to its existence in the 

 airy realm upon which it 

 enters after emergence 

 from the chrysalis. The 

 practised eye of the ob- 

 server is soon able to distinguish the location of the various parts 

 of the butterfly in the chrysalis, and when the time for escape 



12 



Fig. 26.—Pieris protodice: a, 

 chrysalis (Riley). 



caterpillar; b, 



