1901.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 305 



lation of areas by means of the angles and the sides of plane and 

 spherical triangles, the sides of squares, rectangles, Irapezoids 

 and the like. Nothing being gained by such a mathematical 

 study, measurements of the superficial extent of the vegetal parts 

 are omitted. Linear dimensions in the tables are given in deci- 

 meters, centimeters and millimeters. 



The weight of the fiuit and seeds of the May apple are given in 

 grams and decimals of the gram. The volume in cubic centime- 

 ters nas determined by the amount of distilled water displaced by 

 putting the fruits, the carefully cleaned and dried seeds, in a vessel 

 filled to the brim Avith that liquid. 



The linear measurements of the veins of the leaves used were 

 obtained by adopting the following method of procedure. The 

 midrib was first carefully measured, then the first line drawn on 

 the left side from the base of the leaf to the apex of the first left 

 lobe, and the second and third lines were also measured in the 

 same manner.' The length of the parts on the right side was then 

 determined, as also the depth in certain cases of the sinuses, 

 beginning with the first sinus on the left of the middle lobe. 

 Proceeding in the same way, after completing the measurements on 

 the left, the right-hand side of the leaf was measured, the apex 

 pointing away from one's person. The greatest width, of the 

 several lobes is also given in the tables, and the width of the 

 widest portion of the leaf itself is also stated by way of a com- 

 parison. 



Measurements. 



Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple). 



Twenty fruits were gathered in an open wood, carefully washed 

 and wiped to remove adhering soil particles. After weighing, the 

 volume of each fruit was determined, and afterward the seeds were 

 removed, dried carefully, cleaned and weighed. The volume of 

 the seeds was also ascertained by displacement. By subtracting 

 the weight of the seeds from the weight of the fruit, the weight of 

 the pulp may be ascertained, and in the same manner, by sub- 



* Measurements of the fifth and sixth leaves of Table IV, part 1 were made 

 from a base line drawn from lowest part of the two basal lobes. In the 

 same manner also for leaves 1, 2, 3 of Table III, part 1, for D and E leaves 

 Table Y. 



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