1901.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PIIILADELPHIA. 543 



amoug the young, and drove the ahen nurses out from the nursery 

 to the food-room, where they remained until I removed them. 

 The queen's clipped workers continued to tend the young in the 

 manner of whole ants. 



On clipping the anteonre to the seventh segment, the middle of 

 the segmented portion below the elbow, the ants lose all com- 

 munity of interest. In one of m}'- large nests, '^ used as a hotel 

 ties invQ.lides, the ants never congregate, but stand separately and 

 sometimes almost equidistant throughout the three rooms. The 

 gregarious habit is probably a conjoint result of the reflexes from 

 the five distal segments. 



The instinct of following or huddling, common in young ani- 

 mals, is manifest in this ant during the first hours of its activities, 

 when it keeps close to any accessible queen or Avorker. 



The huddling instinct is apparently strong in its relation to ants 

 of the same or lesser age. I isolated 2:)upre during the whole pupa- 

 stage, thus freeing them, in their casting off of both the larval 

 and the pupal integument, from all except the inherent odor, and 

 I found that the callows huddled as soon as they were able to walk 

 toward one another. The isolation of such callow's for twelve 

 days or longer did not diminish their tendency to huddle with ants 

 of their own age or with younger ones of the same lineage. But 

 from the twelfth to the twentieth day of isolation there was a 

 marked diminution of the disposition to follow the queen and to 

 huddle with adults. Dr. Edward Thorndike says" that " if 

 chicks do not have a chance to follow a hen in the first ten or 

 twelve days they will not go near one if they have a chance." I 

 have found no limit to the age at which a worker will follow a 

 queen, but the attraction exercised by the queen is apparently due 

 solely to association. When she or her kind has not been known 

 during ant-infancy, her acquaintance is made with caution and 

 reserve, if not with signs of distrust or dislike. 



The ants appear to exhibit personal likings, aversions, affinities 

 and antipathies. They seem to make and to keep individual 

 acquaintances. They exhibit true social proclivities, and they 

 manifest a possibility of surmounting race prejudices. Living 

 mainly in darkness, they receive impressions through the antennae 



1^ "Portable Ant-Nests," Biological Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 2. 

 " "The Human Nature Club," p. 26, Chautauqua Press, 1901. 



