SERICORIDM—H/ILONOTA. 147 



these tubes have an opening to a root of the food-plant, 

 which the larva feeds upon, retiring to its tube again. In 

 May, before closing the tube, it brings it up to within an 

 inch or two of the surface of the sand. The larvae are 

 nearly an inch long, unicolorous, and about the colour of a 

 carrot." 



Pupa rather glossy, pale chestnut ; antenna cases separated 

 on emergence, but previously laid closely together with the 

 limbs ; moveable segments of the abdomen each twice ribbed, 

 the ridges very sharp and bent back and thickly set with 

 short spines; cremaster short, squared and bristly. In the 

 larval habitation, in a portion placed upright a little below 

 the surface of the sand and thickly lined with silk. 



This fine species, one of the largest of the Tortrices, 

 seems to be confined to loose sandy or gravelly soil, and 

 with us, to a large extent, to the loose hallast which has 

 been deposited from time to time on our north-east coast, 

 and which in all probability has been the means of convey- 

 ing the insect in the larva stage from the shores of the 

 Baltic. It was first found here about the year 1864 by 

 Mr. J. Gardner of Hartlepool, but was not introduced as a 

 British species till 1873, when it had become somewhat 

 common on the waste tract which it had colonised. Here 

 it flies at dusk very low over the sand, and to but short 

 distances, from one patch of coltsfoot to another, and from 

 its resemblance in colour to the sand is difiicult to see on 

 the wing. At night it sits on the plants or on the adjacent 

 sand, and may be found by the help of a lantern. It does 

 not appear as yet to have spread much beyond its early 

 locality on the Durham coast. Abroad it is, as already 

 remarked, common on the Baltic coast, and is said to be 

 attached also to mountain regions, including the Alps, 

 North-west Germany, and Livonia. It is a curious circnni- 

 stance that, at a meeting of the Entomological Society in 



