S TIGMONO TID^—SEMA SI A . 1 69 



tinged with red and without markings ; head light brown ; 

 internal dorsal vessel visible, showing a dark red spot 

 behind the middle of the body. (Hofmann.) 



September and October in the berries of hawthorn, 

 spinning two or three together, and eating the fleshy pulp. 

 Leaving them when full fed to spin up in bark, rotten 

 wood, or other waste substances, or in the ground. 



Pupa semi-transparent, amber-colour ; abdominal seg- 

 ments opaque, yellow, inclining to red. In a silken cocoon. 



This is a very brisk and lively little species, flying during 

 the afternoon sunshine backwards and forwards over a tall 

 hawthorn hedge or bush, and sometimes in numbers, 

 buzzing in and out among the branches, and showing 

 its pretty yellow-brown colour distinctly ; to be found 

 apparently in every English county to Norfolk in the east 

 and to Lancashire in the west ; and probably throughout 

 Wales, though only recorded in Pembrokeshire, and not as 

 yet noticed in Scotland. In Ireland it has been taken 

 in Cork and Wicklow, and by Mr. J. J. F. A. King at 

 Athlone. Abroad its range is throughout Central and 

 Southern Europe, and Asia Minor. 



7. S. spiniana, Fiscli. — Expanse f inch (9 mm.). Fore 

 wings black-brown with a small, sharply triangular, 

 yellowish-white dorsal spot. 



Antennae black-brown ; palpi, head, and thorax dull 

 brown ; abdomen the same. Fore wings narrow, costa 

 gently arched, apex distinctly angulated, hind margin 

 oblique ; black-brown with a reddish gloss ; dorsal blotch 

 triangular, pointed above pure white, a faintly yellowish- 

 white ; costa and hind margin faintly dotted with white ; 

 cilia black-brown. Hind wings smoky black, cilia whitish. 

 Female similar. 



Underside of the fore wings conspicuously ribbed, leaden- 



