26 THE GENERA OF FISHES 



"Hareng, Halec, Les harengs sont des poissons de passage," etc. 

 (vol. II, p. 6io). 



"ToRPiLLE, Torpedo ou Tremble, Torpedo poisson," etc. (p. 458). 



"Grappe marine, Uva marina." 



These are plainly not scientific names. While the writer evidently 

 grasps more or less clearly the meaning of genus and species, he has no 

 conception of binomial nomenclature, as distinct from Latin equivalents 

 of the vernacular names in French. Thus no one would take "Piscis 

 aculeatus" as a generic and specific name for the stickleback or Uva 

 marina for the Alga (Sargassum) known as Sea-Grape. Further 

 along (Edition 11) occurs "Poisson petrifiee" indicated as "Ichthyo- 

 lithus," which certainly is not the name of any genus. No scientific 

 names, generic or specific, can be held to bear date from this first edi- 

 tion, 1764, of the dictionary of Valmont de Bomare. 



"NouvELLE fioiTioN," 1768, and "Edition II," 1775. 



The "Nouvelle edition," dated 1768, is the one examined by Mr. Gar- 

 man. Except for the paging it seems substantially identical with the 

 edition of 1775, formally called the "second." It has a few binomial 

 terms, mostly among the sharks. The use of Latin equivalents for the 

 French vernacular is still continued, but these assume more frequently a 

 binomial form, especially in the rather elaborate index. The first edition 

 (octavo) contains no index. 



In the editions of 1768 and 1775 the only new names to be consid- 

 ered are Galeus, Mustelus, Vulpecula, and Catulus. 



On page 116 (Edition II) we read: 



"Cagnot bleu, galeus glaucus. Grand poisson cartilagineux de la 

 famille des chiens de mer." Then follows a fair account of the Great 

 Blue Shark (Squalus glaucus L. ; Prionace glauca of recent writers), 

 taken from the description of the "Chien de mer bleu" of Rondelet {de 

 Piscibus, 1558, p. 296). Rondelet begins "Galeus glaucus, en Langue- 

 doc, Cagnot bleu, poisson cartilagineux," etc. He uses the name "Chien 

 de mer," or Galeus in a general sense, including the "Aiguillat" (Acan- 

 THiAs), the Emissole, ("Galeus l^vis"), the "Chien de Mer fitoile, 

 Galeus asterias," the "Melandre, Galeus canis," and the "Chien de 

 Mer bleu, Galeus glaucus." 



The other sharks are treated under diflferent heads by Valmont. The 

 entire arrangement appears in the index to the same volume. 



"Cagnot bleu, Galeus glaucus," does not appear in the Fourth 

 Edition (1791). 



