VOL IX.] MOULTS OF BRITISH PASSERES. 151 



Juvenile. — In colour this is brown, much like the juvenile 

 Starling, but even in this plumage the feathers of the nape 

 are slightly elongated. Sexes alike. 



First winter and summer. — The juvenile plumage is 

 completely moulted in the first autumn. The male then 

 becomes much like the adult female, but rather duller, while 

 the female is much browner than the adult female, and often 

 has only a trace of pink showing on the upper-parts. After 

 the second autumn moult the birds become like the adults. 



Family Oriolid.^. 



The adult of the Golden Oriole (Oriolus o. orioliis) which 

 is the only member of this family on the British list, has 

 one complete annual moult in autumn and Avinter (usuallj' 

 apparently from November to January, but sometimes 

 as early as August). The effect of abrasion is scarcely 

 noticeable. The sexual difference is marked, the body- 

 plumage of the female, instead of bright golden-yellow as 

 in the male, being golden-green on the upper-parts, ashy- 

 grey faintly streaked with brown on the throat and breast 

 and yellowish-white boldly streaked on the belly. Occa- 

 sionally, however, females have the crown and rump bright 

 greenish-yellow and the under-parts yellow with only faint 

 streaks, but I have not been able to prove whether this 

 plumage is due to age or individual variation. 



Juvenile. — Much like the adult female, but the feathers 

 of the upper-parts and the wing-coverts have pale yellow 

 tips, and the under-parts have less distinct streaks. Sexes 

 alike. 



First winter and summer. — The juvenile body-plumage 

 is moulted in the first autumn (usually earlier than in the 

 adult) but not the tail, wings or wing-coverts. After 

 this moult the males become much like the adult female, 

 but rather more yellow on the upper-parts and decidedly 

 more yellow on the imder-parts which are also less strongly 

 streaked. The females are more olive on the upper-parts 

 and less yellow and more strongly streaked on the under- 

 parts than the adult female. Both sexes in this plumage 

 have the wing-coverts distinctly tipped with yellow. Some 

 males, which are much like the very bright adult females 

 noted above, may be second winter birds, but I have not been 

 able to obtain actual proof of this. 



{To he continued ) 



