VOL IX.] MOULTS OF BRITISH PASSERES. 169 



streaked. The inner secondaries have broad biifP, instead 

 of Avhite tips, and the distal halves of the greater coverts are 

 bnff instead of yellow. Sexes alike. 



First winter. — The juvenile plumage is moulted as in the 

 Greenfinch, but the birds can be distinguished from the 

 adults by the small tips of the tail- and wing-feathers being 

 huffish instead of pure white. These distinctive tips, however, 

 become mostly worn off by the summer. 



Siskin {CardueJis spinus). 



Adults. — Complete moult in August or September. 

 No moult in spring, but abrasion makes the plumage brighter 

 and in the male the crown becomes almost uniform black. 

 The female has no black on the crown and chin, is browner 

 and more streaked on the upper-parts than the male, and 

 has more streaks and scarcely any yellow on the under-parts. 



Juvenile. — Somewhat like the adult female, but browner 

 on the upper-parts, distinctly spotted on the sides of neck 

 and throat, and more streaked on the rest of the under-parts. 

 Inner secondaries and wing-coverts tipped pale buff. (Only 

 one specimen seen). 



First winter and summer. — The juvenile plumage is 

 moulted as in the Greenfinch. The birds then become like 

 the adults, but the male is more streaked on the mantle 

 than the adult male, and the female has a browner head and 

 mantle than the adult female. 



Twite [Carduelis f. flavirostris) . 



Adults. — Complete moult in September or October, 

 No moult in spring. Abrasion makes the upper-parts much 

 darker except for the hind-neck, which becomes greyish ; 

 the pink of the rump becomes brighter owing to the wearing 

 away of the buffish-brown portions of the feathers, and the 

 streaks on the breast and flanks become more prominent. 

 The female is like the male, but usually has no pink on the 

 ruuTp, though sometimes there is a faint tinge of this colour. 



Juvenile. — Very much like the adult female, but never 

 with pink on the rump; the chin has indistinct streaks instead 

 of being uniform buff, and the throat, breast and flanks 

 are more strongly streaked than in the adult. Sexes alike. 



First winter. — The juvenile plumage is moulted as in 

 the Greenfinch and the birds then become like the adults. 



Lesser Redpoll {Carduelis I. cabaret). 

 Adults. — Complete moult in September or October. No 

 moult in spring. Abrasion makes the pink ver}' much brighter 



