170 BRITISH BIRDS. [vol ix. 



and more extensive, but it should be noted that the amount 

 of pink varies individually. The upper-parts become less 

 tawny and more dark brown, with a greyish-\\hite edging 

 to many of the feathers. The female usually has no pink 

 on the under-parts or rump, but very rarely there is a slight 

 tinge of pink on one or other or both these parts. 



Juvenile. — Much like the adult female in worn sunnner 

 plumage, but with no pink on the crown or elsewhere, only 

 a little sooty-black on the chin and more spotted and streaked 

 on the throat and breast. Sexes alike. 



First winter and summer. — The juvenile ])luinage is 

 )noulted as in the Greenfinch. The male then becomes like 

 the adult female, but almost always has some trace of pink 

 on the rump and usually a trace on the cheeks, whereas this 

 is more exceptional in the female. The female becomes like 

 the adult female. 



The moults and sequences are the same in the Mealy Redpoll 

 (C. I. linaria) and Greenland Redpoll (C /. ro.strata). The 

 juvenile Mealy Redpoll I cannot distinguish in coloration 

 from the juvenile Lesser Red])oll, biit the juvenile Greenland 

 Redpoll (like the adult) has distinctly broader streaks on the 

 upper- and under-parts. In first w inter and summer plumage 

 the male Mealy Redpoll has a little pink on the breast more 

 often than in the Lesser Redpoll. 



The moults of Hornemann's Redpoll (C. h. hornemanni) 

 and Coues's Redpoll (C. h. exilipcs) are the same as in the 

 other Redpolls. I have not been able to see a juvenile of the 

 first-named, but that of Coues's RedjoU is very much like 

 that of the Lesser with slightly more greyish-white on the 

 upper-parts and rather purer white on the belly ; the rump is 

 streaked and not uniform as in the adult. 



The first winter and summer males, as well as the adult and 

 first winter and summer females of both these birds, seem 

 never to have any pink on the rump or under-parts and the 

 latter are more buffish and not so Mhite as in the adult male. 

 It may be remarked that the ))ink of the under-])arts and rump 

 in the adult males is paler in these two Red])olls (especially in 

 Hornemann's) than in the Mealy and Lesser. 



CiTRiL Finch {Carduelis c. citrinella). 

 Adults.- — Complete moult in early autumn. No moult in 

 spring. Abrasion has little effect but the mantle becomes 

 slightly more striated, not quite so uniform. The female is 

 less green on the crown, browner and more streaked on the 

 mantle, greyer and not so yellow on tiie under-parts. and 

 altogether duller than the male. 



