] 7J BRITISH BIRDS. [vol. ix. 



Serin (Serhnis c. serinus). 



Adults. — Complete moult in autumn. No moult in spring. 

 Abrasion makes the yellow parts brighter and the flanks more 

 markedly streaked. The female is much less yellow and is 

 more striated than the male. 



JuvENiLK. — In juvenile ])lu)nage both sexes have the upper- 

 parts brownish-bulf streaked A\ith tlaik l)ro\\n and the under- 

 parts pale yellowish-biifT streaked with l)ro\vn except on the 

 chin and centre of belly. 



First winter. — The juvenile plumage is moulted as in the 

 Greenfinch and the birds then become like the adults. 



British Bullfinch [Pyrrhula p. pileata). 



Adults. — Complete moult from August to October. No 

 moult in spring and very little change by abrasion, except 

 that the mantle becomes a purer grey in the male and greyer 

 and less brown in the female. The marked difference in the 

 sexes is well known. 



Juvenile. — Like the adult female but the crown brown 

 instead of black, upper-parts browner, and under-parts more 

 yellowish-brown than in the adult female. The rump and 

 under tail-coverts are huffish, the innermost secondary is 

 marked with brown instead of pinkish and the wing-coverts 

 are browner. Sexes alike. 



First winter. — The juvenile ])lumage is moulted as in the 

 (h-eenfinch and the birds then become like the adults. 



Scarlet Grosbeak {Carpodacus e. erythrinus). 



Adults. — Complete moult in autmnn. No moult in spring. 

 Abrasion in the male makes the carmine of the crown, rump 

 and under-parts much moie brilliant, but the mantle becomes 

 browner as the carmine tips of the feathers \\ear off. The 

 female, as is well known, is without pink and much streaked 

 on the under-parts. In the adult male the greater and median 

 wing-coverts are tipped with pink or pinkish-buff, forming 

 a not very conspicuous double wing-bar. In the female, 

 however, these feathers are ti])ped with ]iale buff and the 

 wing-bars are thus conspicuous. 



Juvenile. — Both sexes are much like the adult female, 

 but the up])er-parts are darker and more streaked and the 

 under-])arts are more heavily streaked, while the ti])s of the 

 wing-coverts are more ycllowish-butV. 



First winter and summer. — The juvenile body-i^lumage 

 and median and lesser wing-coverts are moulted in the first 

 aiit iiiiiii. liut not the tail nor the rest of the wing. The male 

 1 hen Ix'coiiics indisi inLniisliablc from the adult femal(\ but the 



