242 HKITISII BIRDS. [vol. ix. 



browner and streaked, the breast brownish and streaketl 

 and the rest of the under-parts jellowish-buff. Sexes alike. 

 First winter and summer.— The juvenile body-feathers, 

 wing-coverts and innermost secondaries are moulted in 

 autumn but not tlie primary-coverts or tail-feathers nor 

 the rest of the wing. After tliis moult the male becomes 

 very much like a bright adult female, while after the spring 

 moult its crown and chin never become so jet black as in the 

 adult male. B}^ abrasion the chestnut breast-band becomes 

 more prominent than in winter, but is much narrower than 

 in the adult, while the rest of the under-parts and upper- 

 parts are more like the adult female. The first winter and 

 Hum^ier fonalc is paler and has more yellow on the under-parts 

 than the adult female and the breast is finely streaked. 



CiRL Bunting {Emheriza cirhtfi). 



Adults. — Complete moult in August and September. In 

 March and April a partial moult takes place and this is 

 apparently confined to the ear-coverts and a line above and 

 below the eye. Abrasion has not a very great effect, but 

 the colours become more uniform and brighter. \Miile the 

 female is duller on the upper-parts than the male it differs 

 strikingly in its under-parts, which much resemble those 

 of a first summer Yellow Biniting, but are more prominently 

 streaked and of a paler and more bulfish yellow. 



JuvENn^E. — Very much like a juvenile Yellow Bunting. 

 but the edgings of the feathers of the u]iper-]iarts ])aler and 

 the rump buff without the chestnut tinge. Sexes alike. 



First winter and summer. — The juvenile body-feathers 

 and wing-coverts are moulted in the first autumn but not 

 the piimary-coverts, wing- or tail-feathers. The birds then 

 become like the adults and cannot be distinguished with 

 certainty, though females with browner and more streaked 

 upper-breasts and browner crowns (more noticeable in 

 summer) are probably first winter or sunnner birds. 



Ortolan Bunting {Emheriza horinJava). 



Adults. — Complete moult in early autunm. No moult 

 in spring. Abrasion has no great effect but the crown and 

 nape and upper-breast become greyer and less green. The 

 sexual difference is not very marked, the female having the 

 crown tinged brownish, the throat more ])uffish-yellow. 

 and the upper-breast less green and with dark spots or small 

 streaks. 



Juvenile. — The whole u])])er-parts are bullish streaked 

 with ])rown-black, the throat and sides of the head arewliitish- 



