244 HKITISH BIRDS. [vol ix. 



JuvEKiLE. — This is difficult to distinguish from the juvonili' 

 of E. c. ct'o, but the tips of the median wing-coverts are l)uff 

 instead of being whitish and the edgings of the wing- and 

 central tail-feathers are rather more chestnut. 



FiKST WINTER AND SUMMER. — The juveuilc ])hunage is 

 complctcli/ moulted in the first autuiini. The male then 

 becomes like the adult male, but ihv fonale differs from the 

 adult female in having a l)ro\\ner crown. l)uffer eye-stripes, 

 browner and ill-defined malar stripes, greyish-buff throat 

 and paler under- j)arts. The spring moult seems more regular- 

 than in the adult and the new feathers are more like those 

 of the adult female. 



Rustic-Bunting {Ember iza riisticu). 



Adults. — Complete moult in August. In Apiil and May 

 (sometimes March) a ])artial moult takes place and this is 

 confined to the head and thioat. In the male the new feathers 

 of the crown, lores and ear-coverts are jet-])lack and a small 

 jmtch of black appears on the chin, while the throat becomes 

 whiter. Abrasion makes the breast-band, flanks and upper- 

 parts more imiform chestnut. In winter the female has 

 less black on the crown and ear-coverts than the male, and 

 the mantle, wings and flanks are less chestnut, while the 

 breast-band is less well defined. After the spring moult 

 the head becomes nnxch like that of a winter male. 



Juvenile. — Somewhat like the fonale on the ui)])er-parts 

 Imt the feathers with more rusty-fuiff edgings and those of 

 the rum]) with dark centies and chestnut-bufT edgings, the 

 throat more streaked and the breast and Hanks tawny and 

 streaked with blackish-biown, the centre of the lower breast 

 with blackish spots and the rest of the inider-parts more 

 huffish and not so white as in the adult. Sexes alike. 



First winter. — The juvenile body-feathers and wing- 

 coverts are moulted in August })ut not the ]irimary-coverts. 

 wing- or tail-feathers. The birds then become usually in- 

 distinguisha])le from the adults. 



Little Bunting {Emheriza pmilla). 

 Adults. — Complete moult in late summer and early autunui. 

 From February to April a partial moult takes place, this being 

 confined to the lores, line over eye, ear-coverts, chin 

 and throat. The new feathers are rather deeper rufous 

 than in winter. Abrasion has not a great effect, but the 

 black stripes on each side of the crown and the chest init 

 in the centre become jnore ])rominent and uniform. 

 Tlie female in sunnnei' when wojii is verv like the male. 



