316 HKITISH BIRDS. [vol. ix. 



Short-toed Lark {Calandrella b. hrachy dactyl a), Crested 



Lark {Galcrida c. cristata), Wood-Lark (Lidlida a. arborea), 



Sky-Lark {Alauda a. arvensis and cinerascens). 



Adults. — In all these species the sexes are alike and the 

 effect of abrasion is very slight. 



Juveniles. — In all the species the juveniles differ from 

 the adults in their spotted appearance, the feathers of the 

 upper-parts having bufiish-white tips, and those of the 

 wings and wing-coverts and tail having even margins of 

 buffish-white. The dark streaks on the throat and breast 

 in the adults of the Sky -Lark, Wood-Lark and Crested Lark, 

 and the dark patches on the sides of the breast of the Short- 

 toed T ark are in the juvenile more broken up and spot-like, 

 this being especially noticeable in the Short-toed Lark. 



Shore-Lark [Eremophila a. flava). 



Adults. — The female has less yellow on the fore-head 

 than the male and the yellow of the chin and throat is duller, 

 the black on the crown and throat is more restricted, the 

 feathers of the '" horns " are shorter, the nape and hind- 

 neck are less pink and the rest of the upper-^iarts are more 

 prominently streaked. The difference in the sexes becomes 

 more marked in summer when abrasion of the tips and fringes 

 of the feathers has made the yellow and black in the male 

 purer and more uniform, while the crown of the female 

 becomes only spotted with black, the nape of the male 

 becomes a purer pink, while that of the female is niuch 

 browner as well as being streaked. 



Juvenile. — Differs markedl}- from adults, whole upper- 

 parts being blackish-brown, each feather with a huffish- or 

 yellowish-white spot at the tip. the wing-coverts are the 

 same with a broader margin of buffish-white, the wing and 

 tail are evenly margined with buffish-white. the chin and 

 throat are pale yellow somewhat faintly spotted with dusky, 

 the breast and flanks are dusky black-browii. the feathers 

 being fringed and tipped with yellowish- or buffish-white. 



(7'o be continued.) 



