284 Lloyd's natural history. 



France, Attica, Samos, Hungary, and Persia, M. aphanistits 

 ( = M. honinus) and M. ogygia ( = M. orientalis and AT. schlosseri). 

 Farther eastwards we meet with M. sivalensis and the larger 

 M. palai?idicus in the Pliocene of the Indian Siwalik Hills. 

 In the Upper Pliocene of the Auvergne and Tuscany there 

 occurs the great M. cultridens, the female of which has been 

 described as M. mega?ithereon ; while in the Pliocene of the 

 Val d'Arno the genus was represented by two other species, 

 distinguished by the structure of their upper tusks, known as 

 M. ere nati dens and M. nestia?ius, the former -probably also 

 occurring in the forest-bed of the Norfolk Coast. The latest 

 European form is M. latidens^ of which the great serrated 

 upper tusks have been found in the caverns of England, 

 France, and Liguria. 



Turning to the New World, we find the genus represented in 

 the Pliocene strata of Pennsylvania and Texas by M. gracilis 

 and M. fatalis, while a rock-cleft in Florida has yielded re- 

 mains of a species (M. floridanus) only second in size to the 

 great South American form mentioned below. In the caves 01 

 Brazil and the Pleistocene Pampas formation of the Argentine, 

 the gigantic M. ncogceus was the largest and most specialised of 

 the whole genus ; its range also extended to Ecuador. This 

 splendid animal is known by several complete skulls and 

 skeletons, one of the latter having been described as a distinct 

 species under the name of M. ?iecator, on account of the ab- 

 sence of a perforation on the outer side of the lower end of the 

 humerus. This, however, is probably only an individual ab- 

 normality, Both M. latidens and M. neogcens lived in the 

 human period ; and the cause of their extinction (and likewise 

 that of the genus itself) has yet to be satisfactorily explained. 



It should be mentioned that although in the later represen- 

 tatives of the genus, the skull resembles that of the True Cats 

 in the absence of an alisphenoid canal, yet this perforation is 

 present in the earlier M. palmidens. 



