158 BRITISH BIRDS. [vol. vii. 



is fully clothed in the juvenile-plumage, which is characterized 

 by light yellow and brown spots scattered over the secondaries, 

 scapulars, and wing-coverts. Throat whitish, surrounded 

 by a very narrow blackish -brown collar, not very evident ; 

 breast washed with light blue ; belly ochreous ; flank -feathers 

 bluish at base and bordered with concentric bands of yellow, 

 black, and russet. The first winter-plumage is beginning 

 to show on the top of the head, back of the neck, and the 

 top of the back as a uniform vinous tint. The tail has 

 lost its middle feathers, and the new ones begin to grow. 

 Weight (41st to 49th day) 172-220 grams. 



On the 4:9th day the seventh j^rimary is lost, the new eighth 

 being 41.3 mm. long. The first and second measure 44 

 and 67 mm. respectively. The fourth secondary is lost 

 about this time and the fifth about the 52nd cla}-. The 

 juvenile-plumage still covers most of the head, neck, wings 

 and throat, and is still visible here and there on the 

 breast, abdomen, and flanks. The rest of the uj^per -parts 

 are clothed in the first winter-plumage, ^A'hich is now traceable 

 below in the black spots on the side of the neck and a row 

 of the new tricoloured feathers on the flanks. The tail 

 still retains the two outermost pairs of juvenile rectrices, 

 and the new central ones project beyond them. Length 

 305 mm. ; expanse 505 mm. ; tail projects beyond wings 

 44 mm. ; weight 220-272 grams. 



071 the 5Sth day the sixth primary is dropped, the new 

 seventh measures 44 mm., and the first and second 62 and 

 80 mm. respectivel}^ The sixth secondary is shed about 

 now, the seventh about the 60th, and the eight about the 

 62nd day. Body-plumage and tail much as before, but 

 the two central rectrices now project about 10 mm. be3^ond 

 the long upper-coverts. Males can generally be distinguished 

 from females by their thicker tarsus and the one or more 

 large scales on its inner surface, the site of the future callosity. 

 Weight 283 to 313 grams. 



On the 10th day the fifth primary is lost, and the new sixth 

 has reached a length of 56.3 mm. The second is full grown, 

 and the first measures 100-103 mm. The body-plumage, 

 except parts of the head and the outermost row of flank- 

 feathers, is mainly that of the first-winter, the scajDulars, 

 median wing-coverts, and seven inner secondaries are still 

 those of the juvenile-plumage, only the outermost pair of 

 rectrices of this plumage are left. Length 340 to 350 mm. ; 

 expanse 515 to 520 mm. ; tail projects bej^ond the \\-ings 

 70 mm. Weight 300-385 grams. 



