354 THE BOOK OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 



Elephants in size and the Rhinoceroses in form. The skull, how- 

 ever, bore three pairs of horns, or horn-like projections, one pair 

 on the forehead, one on the snout and one on the cheeks. This 

 animal was one of the earliest of the Dinocerata, a name descriptive 

 of a group of horned monsters ; more highly developed members 

 of the same ground were Dinoceras ingens, which would weigh nearly 

 three tons, arid Dinoceras mirabile. The brains of these animals 

 were very small ; but what they lacked in intelligence was com- 

 pensated for by brute strength. Massive bodies are often associated 

 with scanty brains, and the brain is generally developed at the 

 expense of the body. But intelligence can accomplish more than 

 brute force, as the study of the history of life-forms amply reveals. The 

 amphibians, reptiles and early mammals had small brains, and it is 

 no wonder that they were outwitted by their more intelligent suc- 

 cessors. Physically, man is a weakling in comparison with an 

 Elephant, but his intelligence enables him to subjugate the huge 

 brute and make him serve his ends. 



BRONTOPS — The Eocene Dinoceras were succeeded in Miocene 

 times by another remarkable family of animals, of which Brontops 

 robustus may be taken as a type. Brontops was a four-footed beast 

 with an Elephant-like body and tail, but with limbs rather shorter 

 than those of that animal. It had a big skull of curious shape, in- 

 dented above the eyes and terminating at the snout with two horn- 

 like projections. It stood some eight feet high and twelve feet long. 

 The skull alone was a yard in length, but it was shallow and 

 allowed small space for brains. The Miocene fauna also included 

 Hogs as big as Rhinoceroses, Lions, Wolves, Bears, Camels and 

 Stags. 



THE EVOLUTION OF THE HORSE.— Among the many interesting 

 remains of Tertiary age are those which throw considerable light 

 upon the life-story — especially the past history — of the Horse. No 

 more remarkable or complete record has been discovered. The 

 Horse appears to have evolved from a small five-toed ancestor, 

 which probably existed in Eocene times. There are European 

 remains which exhibit a line of development varying in some details 

 from that indicated by American fossils. The American remains 

 are the most complete. The story begins with the Eohippus (Greek, 

 eos, dawn; hippos, horse), the remains of which were found by 

 Professor Marsh in the lowest strata of the Eocene rocks. This 

 animal was about as big as a small Fox, Pony-like in appearance. It 

 had four well-developed toes on the front foot, three on the hind foot 



