44 THE MANUFACrUllI'; UK THK TKKo- \V AlTA, 



these diabase boulders were used as hammer-stones. In 

 the first instance they are very battered, and almost every 

 one is in a fragmentary, broken condition. The presence 

 of such diabase boulders among thousands of broken frag- 

 ments of hornstone is the surest sign that they were carried 

 to their present resting place by human agency. Their 

 battered condition proves that they wei-e used for some 

 heavy work, and the only conclusion we can draw from their 

 nature is that they were used as hammer-stones. I weighed 

 17 specimens of these hammer-stones, which I collected at 

 Nichols s quarry, the weights ranging from 5] ounces to 

 lib- 5oz. As all the specimens lost considerably during 

 use, their original weight must have been higher, but it is 

 rather difficult to say anything about the loss. Only six 

 out of the 1 7 exceeded one pound in weight, but as seven 

 more weigh fi'om 12 to 15 ounces, it is pretty safe to say 

 that in their original state these stones weighed from J!l 

 to 21b. 



Now. if we examine these hammer-stones we find that 

 they all show a more or less spherical or globulai' shajje- 

 Not in a single instance laave I found one of the flattened, 

 oval type, showing rough indentations in the centre of 

 either or one side only. We might well ask why is it that 

 if this last-named group of stones were hammer-stones, they 

 were used at the camping grounds only, and not at the 

 quarries? The hammer-stones had io be brought to tlie 

 quarry, and the evidence of the specimens proves that they 

 were globular diabase boulders, probablv water-worn 

 pebbles. Now, if it was found necessary to provide the so 

 called hammer-stones with a mark for the insertion of the 

 thumb and another finger, why were the unquestionable 

 hammer-stones of the quarries never provided with these 

 marks? 



The evidence of those specimens whose use as hammer- 

 stones is beyond doubt, goes to prove the following facts : — 



1. Diabase pebbles only, and no other kind of rock, 

 were used as hammcrz-stones. 



2. It appears that the essential feature of such a 

 pebble to serve as hammer-stones was its spherical or globu- 

 lar form. (1). Compressed or flattened pebbles were ap- 

 parently never used as hammer-stones. 



3. The great majority of the hammer-stones weighed 

 from lib. to 21b-, though, of course, there may be heavier 



(1) See also an tea, page 43. 



