BY FRITZ NOKTLINC, M.A., PHD. 59 



watta consisted exclusively of siliceous rocks of lioinogeu- 

 eous nature possessing a good conchoidal fracture. 



3. The parent block was broken by means of a ham- 

 mer-stone; there is no definite evidence to show that the 

 parent block rested on a hard support (anvil-stone) while 

 being broken, but it is practically certain that the flakes 

 were held in the band when being trimmed. 



4. The hammei'-stones consisted chiefly of spherical 

 or globular diabase boulders or pebbles, weighing from lib. 

 to 21b. in the a.verage, thoiugh lighter, as well as heavier, 

 ones, may have been occasionally used. The view that 

 sharp-edged hammers of hornstone were employed, though 

 not impossible, is not supported by actual evidence. 



5- If anvil-stones wei'e used — a theory which is more 

 than doubtful — it is not probable that flakes of the same 

 material from which the ter-o-watta were manufactured 

 were employed. The only objects that could have served 

 as anvil-stones are some of the indented stones described as 

 "magic-stones," but the arguments against this view are so 

 weighty that stronger evidence would be required before it 

 could be accepted- In fact, all the evidence rathe-r goes to 

 disprove the use of anvil-stones than tO' pro've it. 



6. The blow of the hammer divides the parent block 

 into nucleus (core) and flake (flakes, spalls). 



7. Besides the true nuclei, i.e., pieces of stone which 

 were left behind after the flake (flakes) had been detached, 

 there are pseudo-nuclei, that is to say, boulders which were 

 merely tested as to their quality, and rejected as unsuit- 

 able. 



8. The marks of percussion on the pseudo-nucleus — a 

 rather deep hole and intense shattering of the matrix — 

 make it appear as if a sharply-pointed hammer hud been 

 used- This is not very likely, and the peculiarity of the 

 marks is in all probability due to the physical constitution 

 of the rock. 



9- The flakes can be divided into external and in- 

 ternal flakes, and each group is again divided into two sub- 

 groups. 



10. In the external flakes the original crust of the 

 parent block (or yjart thereof) forms the Indical-face. 



