BY FKITZ NUETLING, M.A , PH.D. 69 



The most prominent feature of the above measurements 

 is the shortness of the lughrana in relation to its relatively 

 heavy weight. Specimens No'. 1 and No. 2 weigh in the 

 average for every 100 mm. (4 inches) in length 37.6gi-. (about 

 l|^oz.), while the perenna (spear) gives only 15 to 18 

 grammes (slightly over i-oz.) for the same length (7). 



Specimens Nos. 1 and 2 are exactly alike, so the de- 

 scription of one serves for the other as well. In general ap- 

 pearance the lughrana is a short stick, pointed at both ends, 

 and apparently made of the wood of a shnib commonly 

 known as tea-tree (8). It is of almost uniform thickness 

 throughout, and both ends taper, forming a blunt conical 

 point. The aiDpearance of the ends is, however, vei'y differ- 

 ent. One end is smooth, the other rough and notched. The 

 smooth point tapers rather suddenly, so as to form a short 

 conical point; No. 4268 still shows the marks of chipping, 

 while in No. 4269 they have been carefully smoothened off. 



The rough point is rather peculiar, and its appearance 

 is almost exactly like a pine cone. It tapers more gradiially 

 than tire other end, and forms a rather long point ; all over 

 its surface for a distance from 76 to 82 mm. from the end 

 it is made rough by numerous short, little cuts made with a 

 tero-na-watta. Small portions of the wood have thus been 

 broken off, and there was unquestionably an attempt to 

 place the cuts in a regular ring i-ound the end. The whole 

 surt*ace is smoothened, but the knots and knot holes were 

 just scraped over without entirely being effaced. 



Both specimens balance in the middle. 



No. 3 somewhat differs from the other two. It is 

 slightly longer than either, though this may not be of great 

 im.portance. But the greatest difference consists in the ap- 

 pearance of the ends, which are both smooth. One end 

 terminates in a short, smooth conical point, while the other 

 tapers very gently, and ends in a smooth point, having no 

 greater thickness than 6 mm., and a length of 125 mm. The 

 thickness, 22 mm., is fairly uniform almost throughoi;t the 

 length. The surface is smooth, but it has unquestionably 

 been affected by weathering. As already stated, the local- 

 ity where it was found is not known, but I reme^mber that 

 the late Mr. Morton told me that a specimen was found 



(7) No. 3 is omitted for obvious reasons, but it may be remarked 

 that the wood from which tlie lughrana and spears are manufactured 

 is the same. 



(8) Probably melaleuca. 



