BY II. II. SCOTT AND ci.iVK B. LORD. 25 



the maximum of strength with the minimum of hulk and 

 weight. The especial features are these: — 



1. The vertebrae are thin and wide, with enormous 



pre and post zygapophys* 



2. The centra are transversely oblong, thus giving 



an enormous mural canal — since the neura- 

 pophyses are so spac d a- to embrace the whole 



area thus yit Ided. 



3. The i nt rvertebral pads were reduc d to the small- 



i -t possibL thickness, and accordingly the long 

 zygapophysee functioned strongly. 



4. The neural spine of th< atlas (when the neck 



mi' re all in action) blocked against the 



spine of the axis, thus converting the whole 

 • ies into a practically Bolid mass, and broke the 

 shock of the aci of ram mil The re- 



maining features will be detailed in extenso. 



Tlic lower border of th io1 completed by 



a bony bar below, the ing equal to 30 mm. The 



t p of bh< neural canal, which in antero-posteri 

 equals 30 mm., is till marked by the reticulations of the 

 tin in mater, indicating the perfect preservation of the 

 bone. Both neurapoph perforal foramen, 



set in a deep channel (that girdles the rims of th 



. ondylai cups) l< ad and outwards 



ti. the incomplete int r-v rtebral art i al foramen, thus 

 obviously tracing tie course of that art 



B low tie- first named foramina, and therefore be- 



twt n the occipito-axian articular cups, are two large 



ome 15 mm. in diameter for the attachment of 



ill great transversi ligam< i ntial to th{ setting of 



the odontoid proc ss of thi axis. A.cross that process runs 



a <1 ep groove, also 15 mm. wide, marking th 



of the ligamentous band, and its synovial sac. Tli 



of thi internal at Ian t an, neural, area is roughened by 



tin- attachm nt oi capsulai its. Tin incomoletion 



of the atlantean bony om for conjecture 



in!-- nla • and li ■ tions in this area, 



for the roughened apes of the odontoid process demands 



centra] odontoid Ligament. The spine of the 



! 



divided into two areas, one that fits the 



spin . and an anterior muscular attachment sur- 



ii ly for as capitis h< mo- 



l'l crowding out from this i ay fascia 



