62 



The only skilled liaiuls really needed are an engineer, an 

 hydraulic pump man, a defecator, a sugar boiler, and a bone- 

 black burner. 



" Based upon a campaign of 100 working days, the follow- 

 ing is the general estimate given of the cost of labour for 

 a factory upon the scale mentioned. The work is continuous 

 day and night, being divided into two shifts ; and the average 

 daily rate of wages is taken at 4s., but a higher rate of pay 

 is, of course, given to the skilled labour. The various pro- 

 cesses, with the cost of each, are as under : — 



1. Washing and pulping. — Carriage and washing of the £ 



beets, 14 men, 2 shifts for 24 hours, 2,800 days' 



labour, at 4s 560 



Press Department, 28 men, 2 shifts per 24 hours, 



o.GOO days, at 4s 1,120 



Sack washing and darning, 8 women, 2 shifts, 1,600 



days, at 4s 320 



2. Pefacation. — 8 men per 24 hours, 800 days' labour, at 



4s 160 



3. Scums. — men per 24 hours, 600 days, at 4s 140 



4. Carhonatation — 



250 days, at 4s 50 



Monte-jus 40 



Carbonic acid gas (preparation of) 40 



5. Filtration. — 3 men every 24 hours, at 4s 60 



6. Concentration. — Two men, every 24 hours 80 



7. Boiling. — Two men, every 24 hours 80 



8. Crystallizations and Centrifugals — 1,500 days' labour, 



at 4s 300 



9. Generation of Steam. — Two shifts of 3 men, 600 days, 



at 4s 120 



10. Breaking' and Packing. — Five men, at 4s. per day ... 100 



11. Men in the Yards, &c.— Five men at 4s 100 



12. Mariagemenf — 



One general superintendent and two overseers 800 



Bookkeeper and clerk 320 



13. — Extras — 



Carpenter, plumber, and smiths (3 months) 300 



Extra pay to skilled labour 500 



General cost of labour for one year's campaign £5,190 



*'The quantity of coal consumed by such an establishment would 

 average 600 tons, which, at 20s., would cost £600. 



" The bone-black, 30,0001bs., would cost, for the first outlay, at 

 2^d. per lb., £312, but in succeeding years would only amount 

 to replacing waste. 



"The Hme used would amount to 4,500 bushels, and cost about 

 £280. 



" The cost of 15,000, OOOlbs. of beet root to be worked up into 

 sugar would be, at 123. per ton, £4,500. 



