20 MR. A. R. WALLACE ON THE PAPILIONID.E 



Mimickers*. Species mimicljed. Common habitat. 



Danaid^e. 



1. Papilio paradoxa, Zj«A., d . . . Euploea Midamus, Cr., d . . .1 



,2 ,2 J umara, c. 



2. , West E. Rhadamanthus Sumatra, &c. 



3. P. Caunus, E., sp Borneo. 



4. P. Thule, Wall Danais sobrina, Bd. .... New Guinea. 



5. P. Macareus, Godt D. Aglaia, Cr Malacca, Java. 



6. P. Agestor, G.R.G D. Tytia, G.R.G Northern India. 



7. P. idaeoides, Hewits Hestia Leuconoe, Erichs. . . . Philippines. 



8. P. Delessertii, Guer Hestia, sp Penang. 



MoRPHIDiE. 



9. P. Pandion, Wall., ? Drusilla bioculata, Guer. . . . New Guinea. 



Papilio (Polydorus- and CooN-groups). 



10. P. Pammon, L. (Romulus, L.), ? . Papilio Hector, L India. 



11. P. Theseus, Cr-., var., 2 .... P. Antiphus, Fai Sumatra, Borneo. 



12. P. Theseus, Cr., var., $ .... P. Diphilus, Esp Sumatra, Java. 



13. P. Memnon, var. Achates, 2 . . P. Coon, Fab Sumatra. 



14. P. Androgens, var. Achates, ? . P. Doubledayi, Wall Northern India. 



15. P. CEnomaus, Got?., ? .... P. Liris, Gorf. Timor. 



We have therefore fifteen species or marked varieties of Fapilio which so closely 

 resemble species of other groups in their respective localities, that it is not possible to 

 impute the resemblance to accident. The first two in the list (Papilio jmradoxa and P. 

 Caumts) are so exactly like Euplcea Midanms and E. Bhadamautlms on the wing, that, 

 although they fly very slowly, I was quite unable to distinguish them. The first is a 

 very interesting case, because the male and female differ considerably, and each mimics 

 the corresponding sex of the Euplcea. A new species of Papilio which I discovered in 

 New Guinea resembles Da/tiais sobrina, Bd., from the same country, just as Papilio 

 Macareus resembles Danais Aglaia in Malacca, and (according to Dr. Horsfield's figure) 

 still more closely in Java. The Indian Papilio Agestor closely imitates Danais Tytia, 

 which has quite a different style of colouring from the preceding ; and the extraordinary 

 Papilio idceoides from the Philippine Islands must, when on the wing, perfectly resemble 

 the Jlestia Leuconoe of the same region, as also does the P. Delessertii, Guer., imitate an 

 undescribed species of Hestia from Penang. Now in every one of these cases the PapiHos 

 are very scarce, while the Danaidse which they resemble are exceedingly abundant — most 

 of them swarming so as to be a positive nuisance to the collecting entomologist by con- 

 tinually hovering before him when he is in search of newer and more varied captures. 

 Every garden, every roadside, the suburbs of every village are full of them, indicating 



* The terms " mimicry " and " mimickers " have been objected to on the ground that they imply voluntary action 

 on the part of the insects. This appears to me of little importance compared with the advantages of convenience, 

 flexibility, and expressiveness which they undoubtedly possess, especially as the whole theory propounded by the 

 originator of the term in this sense excludes all idea of voluntary action. The only approximately synonymous words, 

 not implying will, are resemblance, similarity, and likeness ; and it is evident that none of these can be applied intelli- 

 gibly under the variety of forms required, and to which Mr. Bates's expression so readily lends itself in the terms 

 mimic, mimickers, mimicry, mimicked. Add to this the inconvenience of changing a term which, from the interest 

 and wide discussion of the subject, must be already very generally understood, and I think it will be admitted that 

 nothing would be gained by altering it, even if a better word were pointed out, which has not yet been done. 



