sperm whale). Worldwide in tropical and 

 temperate waters. Kogia simus Owen, 1866, 

 may represent a sepeu'ate species. 

 Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales) 

 Family Balaenidae (right whales). The pygmy 

 ri^t whale (Caperea) is very different from 

 the other two species of right whales. The 

 black right whales (Balaena glacialis) are 

 often placed in a separate genus (Eubalaena 

 Gray, 1864) from the bowhead (B. mystieetus). 

 A review of available literature indicates that 

 the differences between the two species are 

 not as great as is often supposed. Until an 

 adequate comparative study has been made, 

 we believe that the relationships within this 

 family are best expressed by placing the three 

 species in only two genera. 

 Genus Balaena Linnaeus, 1758 

 Balaena glacialis Muller, 1776 (black right 

 whale). Temperate waters of the North 

 Atlantic (B. g. gZaciaiis^, the North Pacific 

 (B. g. japonica Lac^p^de, 1818 = B. g. 

 sieboldi Gray, 1864), and the Southern Hem- 

 isphere (B. g. australis Desmoulins, 1822). 

 Balaena mystieetus Linnaeus, 1758 (bow- 

 head whale; Greenland right whale). Arctic 

 Ocean, Bering and Okhotsk Seas; rare. 

 Genus Caperea Gray, 1864 (= Neobalaena 

 Gray, 1870) 

 Caperea marginata Gray, 1846 (pygmy right 

 whale). Southern Ocean, including waters 

 off New Zealand, Australia, South America, 

 and South Africa. 

 Family Eschrichtiidae (gray whales) 



Genus Eschrichtius Gray, 1864 (= Rhachi- 

 anectes Cope, 1869) 

 Eschrichtius gifc fcos us Erxleben, 1777 (= E- 

 glaucus Cope, 1868) (gray whale). North 

 Pacific Ocean; Bering, Chukchi and Beau- 

 fort Seas; formerly in North Atlantic. (For 

 discussion of names see Hall and Kelson, 

 1959, p. 833-834.)Ifthe Pacific population 

 is eventually shown to be taxonomicedly 

 separable from the extinct Atlantic form, 

 the name E. g. glaucus Cope, 1868, is avail- 

 able for it. 

 Family Balaenopteridae (rorquals) 



Genus Balaenoptera Lacep^de, 1804 (incl. 



Sibbaldus Gray, 1846) 



Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lac^p^de, 1804 



(minke whale; little piked whale). All 



oceans, though rare in tropical waters. 



B. bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867 (=6. 

 huttoni Gray, 1874) from the Southern Hem- 

 isphere is either a distinct species, race, 

 or color phase, which coexists with typical 

 B. acutorostrata (Williamson, 1961). The 

 North Pacific population is sometimes (e.g., 

 Tomilin, 1957) regarded as a separate sub- 

 species, B. a. davidsoni Scammon, 1872. 



Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828 (sei 

 whale) All oceems. Two races are some- 

 times distinguished, although the differ- 

 ences are not clear: B. b. borealis in the 

 Northern Hemisphere, and B. b. schlegeli 

 Flower, 1864, in the Southern Hemisphere. 



Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1878 (= B. 

 brydei Olsen, 1912) (Bryde whale). Appar- 

 ently all tropical and subtropical seas. 



Balaenoptera physalus Linnaeus, 1758 (fin 

 whale; finback whale). All oceans. Two 

 races are recognized— a smaller Northern 

 Hemisphere form, B. p. physalus, and a 

 larger Southern Hemisphere form, B. p. 

 quoyi Fischer, 1830. 



Balaenoptera musculus Linnaeus, 1758 

 (blue whale). All oceans; largely in cooler 

 waters. Two races are recognized: a smaller 

 one, B. m. musculus, in the North Atlantic 

 and North Pacific; and a larger one, B.m. 

 intermedia Burmeister, 1866, in the South- 

 em Hemisphere. A "pygmy" race (unnamed) 

 has recently been found in the waters 

 around Kerguelen Island (Ichihara, 1961). 

 Genus Megaptera Gray, 1846 



Megaptera novaeangliae Botowski, 1781 

 {- M. nodosa B.onnaterre, 1789) (humpback 

 whale). All oceans. The Southern Hemi- 

 sphere populations are sometimes regarded 

 as a race (M. n. lalandi Fischer, 1829) 

 distinct from the Northern Hemisphere race 

 (M. n. novaeangliae). 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



(The sources listed below are mainly checklists, 

 systematic reviews, and faunas. Through reference 

 to these major sources the reader will find the 

 titles of many hundreds of articles dealing with 

 individual species.) 



Allen, G. M. 



1938-40. The mammals of China and Mongolia. 

 American Museum of Natural History, Natu- 

 ral History of Central Asia, vol. 11, parti 

 (1938) and part 2 (1940). 



