A KEY TO THE ORDERS OF INSECTS. 



A. Mouth fitted for biting, i.e., having jaws and mandibles. 



a. Upper or front wings horny or coriaceous (leathery); under wings membranous. 



b. Upper wings serving to protect the lower, which are folded, first longitudinally (fan- 

 like i, and then transversely (doubled under), beneath them. 



Coleopteba (Beetles). 



hi,. Lower wings folded longitudinally, but not transversely. 



Orthoptera (Grasshoppers, Crickets, etc). 

 an . All four wings membranous. 



c. Few veined wings; end of female abdomen armed with a sting or else with a 

 saw-like ovipositor (the instrument for depositing eggs). 



Hymenoptera (Bees, Ants, etc.). 

 cc. Wings many- veined; no sting. 



Neuropteka (Dragon-flies, May-flies, etc.). 

 A A. Mouth fitted for sucking. 

 il. Four wings. 



e. Covered with minute feathers or scales. 



Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moth*). 

 ee. ^Not scaled or feathered. 



Hemiptera ( True Bugs, such as Plant-lice, Cicadas, etc.). 



thl. Two membranous wings. 



Diptera (Flies, Mosquitoes, etc.). 



Most authors also add another order, including the little wingless insects known as " bristle- 

 tails " and " spring-tails." The order is called 



Thtsanoptera. 



A KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF NEUROPTERA. 



A. Tarsi (feet), 2 or 3-jointed. 



a. Antennae (" feelers "), 13-jointed; wings few-veined; species minute. 



aa. Antennas nearly as long as the body, filiform (thread-like), and many-jointed; wings un- 

 equal in size, many-veined. 



Perlid^e. 



aaa. Antennae short, 5-8-jointed, setiform (bristle-like); wings nearly equal. 



LrBELi.CLiD^; (Dragon-flies). 

 AA. Tarsi 4 or 5 jointed. 



b. Antenna; quite short. 



c. Antennae 7 -jointed, first two thick, third, long and hair-like. 



Ephemerid^e (May-flies). 



cc. Antennae 20-jointed, somewhat bead-like (sub-moniliform). 



Tbrmitid^; (While-ants). 

 lib. Antennae generally long. 



d. Antennas setaceous (bristle-like); wings large and reticulated (marked like net- 

 work), anal space (that part of the hind wings nearest the body), plicated 

 (plaited like a fan). 



SiALiDiE (Horned Uorydalus, etc.). 



ihl. Antennae filiform; wings large; posterior (hind) ones have no plicated anal 

 space ; ocelli (simple eyes) usually wanting. 



HEMEROEiDiE (Aphis-lions, Lace- /ringed Flies, etc.). 



ddd. Front of head produced into a slender, deflexed beak, with the mouthparts 

 at the end. 



PANORFID.E. 



,hhhl. Antenna' filiform ; wings longer than the body; mouth imperfectly 

 developed; species sometimes resemble small moths. 



Phryganeid.f. (Caddis-flies, ct>-.). 



