EBERHARTS OUTLINES OF 



About the first of December their skin hardens, becoming 

 brown; and then turns to a bright chestnut color. This is 

 the so-called flax-seed state or puparium. In two or three 



Fig 38. Fig. 39. 



Hessian Fly and Maggot. (Very highly magnified.) 



weeks the 'larva,' (or, more truly speaking, the semi-pupa), 

 becomes detached from the old case. In this puparium 

 some of the larvse remain through the winter. Toward the 

 end of April or the beginning of May, the pupa becomes 

 fully formed, and in the middle of May in New England, 

 comes forth from the brown puparium, 'wrapped in a thin 

 white skin,' according to Herrick, ' which it soon breaks 

 and is then at liberty.' The flies appear just as the wheat 

 is coming up; they lay their eggs for a period of three 

 weeks, and then entirely disappear. The maggots hatched 

 from these eggs take the flax-seed form in June and July, 

 and are thus found in the harvest time, most of them re- 

 maining on the stubble. Most of the flies appear in au- 

 tumn," (From Packard's Injurious Insects of the West, 

 p. 696.) 



Remedies. There are a number of parasites of the 



