60 EBERHARTS OUTLINES OF 



THE COTTONY MAPLE SCALE. 



(Pulrinaria innumerabilis. Rathvon.) 



" The young lice hatch in spring or early summer, walk 

 about actively as soon as born, and settle along the ribs of 

 the leaves ( very rarely on the young twigs). They then insert 

 their beaks and begin to pump up sap and to increase in 

 size, a thin layer of waxy secretion immediately beginning 

 to cover the dorsum. In a little more than three weeks they 

 have increased to double their size at birth, and undergo 

 their first moult, shedding the skin, it is supposed, in small 

 fragments. After this first moult, the waxy secretion in- 

 creases in abundance and a differentiation between the 

 sexes is observable. The males grow more slender and soon 

 cease to increase in size, covering themselves with a thick 

 coating of whitish wax. The pupa then begins to form 

 within the larval skin, the appendages gradually taking 

 shape, the head separating from the thorax, the mouth 

 parts being replaced by a pair of ventral eyes. A pair of 

 long wax filaments is excreted from near the anus and these 

 continue to grow during the life of the insect. It is the 

 protrusion of these filaments from beneath the waxy scale 

 which indicates the approaching exclusion of the male. The 

 posterior end of the scale is in this manner raised up, and 

 the perfect insect backs out with its wings held close to the 

 sides of its body. 



" Meanwhile the female larv?e * * * grow larger 

 and also broader across the posterior portion but remain flat. 

 * * * Just before the appearance of the adult males 

 they undergo another moult, and change in color from a 

 uniform pale yellow to a somewhat deeper yellow with deep 

 red markings."* 



*C. V. Riley, Report of U. S. Entomologist, 1884. 



