ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



with a good lens, are at other times more or less obsolete, 

 especially on the abdomen. 



The second or more oval form is destined to becomo 

 winged. Its tubercles, when once acquired, are always 

 conspicuous ; it is more active than the other, and its eyes 

 increase rather than diminish in complexity with age. 

 From the time it is one-third grown, the little dusky wing 

 pads may be discovered, though less conspicuous than in 

 the pupa state, which is soon after assumed. The pupa? 

 are still more active, and, after feeding a short time, they 

 make their way to the light of day, crawl over the ground 

 and over the vines, and finally shed their skin and assume 

 the winged state. In this last moult the tubercled skin 

 splits on the back, and is soon worked off ; the body in the 

 winged insect having neither tubercles nor granulations. 

 These winged insects are most abundant in August and 

 September, but may be found as early as the first of July, 

 and until the vines cease growing in the fall. The majority 

 of them are females, with the abdomen large and more or 

 less elongate. From two to five eggs may invariably be 

 found in the abdomen of these, and are easily seen when 

 the insect is held between the light, or mounted in balsam 

 or glycerine. A certain proportion have an entirely differ- 

 ent shaped and smaller body, the abdomen being short, 

 contracted, and terminating in a fleshy and dusky protuber- 

 ance ; the limbs stouter, and the wings proportionately 

 larger and stouter. This form has been looked upon as 

 the male. As fall advances the winged individuals become 

 more and more scarce, and* as winter sets in, only eggs, 

 newly hatched larv?e, and a few wingless, egg- bearing 

 mothers are seen. These last die and disappear during the 

 winter, which is mostly passed in the larva state, with here 



