HO THE rUPA. 



similar parts in tlie perfect insect, ^. €., 1st, ring or seg- 

 ment, protliorax ; 2d, ring mesothorax. and od, ring me- 

 tatliorax. 



The lower or pectoral portion extends from the head to 

 the middle segment of the abdomen, and to it are attached 

 the wing cases and leg cases, which, with those of the an- 

 tennae and tongue, form what may be called the breast of 

 the pupa. 



The abdomen case, when viewed on the back, consists 

 of nine segments, and of only six when viewed below, 

 although these numbers are by no means invariable. 



Pupu of Vanessa vertical. 



The figure of pupa presents two great varieties : 1st, 

 these that have no projections, or angular prominences, 

 from the body, and 'id, those that have. These we might 

 distinguish by the general term of a?i(/ular pupca and 

 conical pupm. 



These differences in form of the pupae are pretty sure 

 criteria by which to determine the division to which the 

 perfect insect will belong when disclosed. 



The shape of most larvse is cylindrical or conical, and 

 the organs of the perfect insect, as they are formed, are 

 arranged in a close and compact place. The tongue is, 

 however, sometimes curved from the body and gives the 

 appearance of a pitcher handle. 



The colors of the pupae are either white or whitish- 

 brown, though usually the various shades approach 



