no The Botanical Gazette. [April, 



The forcing of the logs from their chaotic tangle by the skill- 

 ful raftsmen looked like a perilous undertaking, but all passed 

 off without serious accident. Many excursionists came from 

 surrounding parts to see the jam, and watched the 

 workmen with deep interest. The excitement of a spectator 

 was at its height when a large section of the raft began to 

 move, and the lumbermen hurried ashore to escape from the 

 rush of loss coming down with resistless weight. There were 



&^ ^^*"***^ 



heavy sounds of rubbing, and grinding and crushing, and if 



one of tl : smaller logs became fast in the rocks, or was 

 caught and turned on end, it was quickly snapped in two. 

 Asjain the huge raft crowded down from above and filled the 



S^W... W"V. "~fc> 



space in the gorge vacated by the outgoing timbers, only to 

 stop once more as it reached the sharp benpl at the foot of the 

 rapids, and the logs were wedged in between the cliffs. This 

 o ion was repeated several times, till the defile was cleared 



ano the logs above ceased to come down in quantities sufficient 

 to fill it. These were then loosened by degrees, and sent 

 Jown in a safe number till the stream was cleared of obstruc- 

 tions after a work of a fortnight. As a witness of the jam and 

 >f the thousands of logs which, so to speak, passed in review, a 

 e T » impression was made upon my mind other than those 

 d ti its novel and exciting features. It represented a great 

 waste of material from the point of view of true forestry and 

 of the real lumber interests of the country. Multitudes of 

 the logs cut for the mills were little more than poles, and far 

 too many besides cut from trees too small and immature for 

 the profit which a wise regard for the future would dictate. 

 True it is claimed by lumbermen that it is best to cut all the 

 merchantable trees from a tract they may be cutting over, 

 because all that are left become a prey to fires rendered much 

 more frequent and destructive by the dry remnants of trees. 

 This maybe a valid excuse under existing regulations; but it 

 prove still more clearly the need of adequate forest manage- 

 ment either by state or national government to check the 

 wast- from any cause. 



T ■ are features of more than usual botanical and geo- 

 lo - inter* o one working among the rocks of the St. 

 C > <. The ass of the rocks is greenish, or grayish-green, 



and granular, porphyritic, or amygdaloidal in structure. Be- 

 ing unaw ire of the nature of the outcrop at the time of visit- 

 ing the Dalles, their identity with those on the Keweenaw 



