l6 4 The Botanical Gazette. [June, 



retains sufficient power to keep half of /deep purple as a petal 

 should be. Decussating with d and b are the stamens b and 

 c as a dimerous whorl. The stamen a which is absent, would 

 be out of place in a dimerous whorl. The typical trimerous 

 character is first again fully developed in the second set of 

 stamens and is retained by the pistil leaves. 



The appearance of this plant in early winter is shown by 

 fig. 1 6. The seedling always starts to grow near the surface 

 of the ground, and pushes its way laterally under the soil. 

 Fresh roots start each year from the anterior growths of the 

 stem, the older roots decay, and when with age the anterior 

 roots begin to wrinkle and hence to contract, they have a 

 tendency to pull the growing end of the Trillium deeper and 



deeper into the soil. 



\pi 



of these plants deeper and deeper into the soil, but in 

 the latter cases directly downwards. Fig. 15 shows the 

 leaves and flower bud of fig. 16, with the protecting scales re- 

 moved. At the base of the flowering stem e is seen a bud/, 

 which represents the flowering stem of the season following* 

 The rootstock has been wrenched so as to show better the 

 fact that the flowering stems and hence their scars d, c, a, 

 and others are placed alternately on the right and on the left 

 side of the rootstock. 



Jeffersonia diphylla. — Gray has given a diagram for the 

 flowers of the twin-leaf which makes them tetramerous, with 

 the exception of the pistil which has only one leaf. (Genera 

 FI. Amer. Bor. 111., vol. i, 34). I n southwestern Ohio, where 

 this plant is very abundant, the calyx almost always has five 

 members, arranged rather on the plan of a spiral than that 

 of a whorl. Four sepals were a comparatively rare exception. 

 1 wo whorls of petals and two whorls of stamens were tetram- 

 erous in either case, whether the sepals were four or five in 

 number. Typical Berberidacea; possess an equal number of 

 members in each of the whorls of the sepals, petals, and sta- 

 mens 1 erhaps it was the attempt to correlate the diagram 

 ot jeffersonia with those of typical Berberidaceje which led to 

 the selection of the less frequent forms with a tetramerous 

 calyx, as representing the typical Jeffersonia. The rarity of 

 tetramerous forms in the calyx, and the frequency of flowers 

 with five sepals however, makes it plausible that the five se- 

 paled calyx still points to the original pentamerous spiral 



