ORDER III. 



STRAIGHT-WINGED INSECTS— (ORTHOPTERA). 



All insects which have transversely movable jaws, mem- 

 braneous wings (a few have no wings), six legs, and undergo 

 no metamorphosis, belong to the Order Orthoptera, which 

 signifies in English " Straight-winged." Among these are 

 Grasshoppers, Walking-leaves, Crickets, Cockroaches, Ear- 

 wigs, Soothsayers, Walking-sticks, etc. 



Grasshojyjjers. 



Grasshoppers have been divided by Linnaeus into two 

 families ; viz., Grillidce and Locustidce. 



The Grillid^, or those properly called Grasshoppers, 

 dwell, as their name indicates, upon the ground, in mead- 

 ows and fields. They have short thread-like feelers, and 

 their females are destitute of an ovipositor ; but both sexes, 

 when flying, produce a stridulating sound by rubbing their 

 saw-like hind legs upon their parchment-like wings. 



The LocuSTiD.E have very long filiform antennce. The 

 females are provided with a long sword-like ovipositor, and 

 the males are furnished with a spot resembling an eye of 

 glass at the base of each wing-cover, which they rub to- 

 gether, and thus produce their peculiar sound. Their wing- 

 covers, when at rest, are disposed like a slanting roof. 

 Their color is generally bright green, which, after death, 

 soon changes into a dingy yellow, but may be preserved by 

 taking out the intestines of the animal and filling the ab- 

 dominal cavity with cotton. 



Dr. Harris, in his work on the Injurious Insects of Mas- 

 sachusetts, and Mr. Westwood, in his "Introduction to the 



