ORDER IV.- — MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. 179 



penny-worth of India rubber is sufficient for the protection 

 of twenty ordinary-sized fruit trees." 



These are about all the directions necessary to give for 

 preventing the ravages of insects injurious to our trees ; 

 and, if they are carefully and perseveringly followed out, 

 will be effectual in saving many a fine orchard from desola- 

 tion and decay. There surely can be no farmer unable to 

 avail himself of some of the simple contrivances mentioned, 

 and thus save his capital and his labor. 



The Apple-worm (Carpocapsa pomoneUa), which is so oft- 

 en found in apples, pears, plums, and apricots, is a flesh-col- 

 ored, naked caterpillar, half an inch long when fully grown, 

 with a black head and sixteen feet. It issues from an egg, 

 deposited upon the fruit by its mother in the month of June 

 or July, and as soon as it is hatched works its way through 

 the skin and lives in the fruit about three weeks ; then it 

 gnaws its way out, falls to the ground, and, creeping to 

 some retired place, is there metamorphosed into a thin, silky 

 cocoon,, from which it issues in a few days as a perfect 

 moth, v/hen it again lays its eggs, from which a second 

 generation arise to mar and destroy our fall and winter 

 apples. 



The wings of this moth expand only three quarters of an 

 inch, and are of a light, yellowish-brown color. The fruit 

 which it infects, or upon which it lays its eggs, usually falls 

 to the ground before it is fully ripe, and before the cater- 

 pillar hatched from the eggs is ready for its metamorphosis 

 into a cocoon. Hence, in order to destroy them, they may 

 be collected by hanging old clothes about the trees, and the 

 caterpillars will creep into them for the purpose of making 

 their cocoons, or the fruit should be gathered as soon as it 

 falls and boiled up, thus destroying the second generation. 



Now this moth, altogether an insignificant-looking affair, 

 is not only capable of doing a vast amount of injury, but it 

 possesses remarkable instinct^ or is endowed with wonder- 



