288 NORTH AMERICAN INSECTS. 



Many people in Germany and Hungary carry on an ex- 

 tensive trade in pastry, of which the principal ingredient is 

 honey. The city of Nuremberg, in Bavaria, celebrated for- 

 merly as the principal manufactory of geographical maps and 

 terrestrial globes, is now distinguished for the manufacture 

 of all sorts of gingerbread and cakes (called Niirenberger Leh- 

 kuchen), made of honey and flour, which are in great de- 

 mand through all the cities of Germany, and are even ex- 

 ported to Russia. In the city of Presburg, in Hungary, 

 among thirty or forty thousand inhabitants, we found at 

 least a dozen pastry-cooks, each of whom, with their several 

 journeymen, did nothing else but make small and large 

 cakes in the form of a horseshoe, which were filled with 

 pounded poppy-seed {Papavcr rheas) mixed with honey. 

 These cakes, of different sizes, weighing from half a pound 

 to six pounds, are exported in quantities, and are known 

 in Europe as the celebrated and delicious poppy-cakes (Fres- 

 hurger Mohnkuchen), which are commonly used as birthday, 

 Christmas, and other holiday presents. 



In Hungary, Poland, Eussia, Prussia, and throughout 

 Germany, a delicious, refreshing, and wholesome beverage 

 is prepared from honey and water, which is called mead. 

 There are three kinds — the simple, compound, and the vi- 

 nous mead. The simple mead is made of honey and water, 

 without undergoing fermentation ; the compound is mixed 

 with fruit, essences, etc., to give it a mixed flavor ; and the 

 vinous is the simple mead fermented. 



Simple mead is made by boiling three quarts of water 

 in which one part of honey has been dissolved : the quan- 

 tity of honey may be augmented or diminished according 

 to the taste of the persons who use it. It must be boiled 

 over a moderate fire to two-thirds of the quantity, when 

 the liquor is skimmed and poured into a barrel, taking care 

 that the barrel is full : it is allowed to subside for three or 

 four days, when it may be drawn off for use. This sort of 



