56 



worm, and the larva hatching devours the e^g substance about it. 

 Many of these worms are devoured by the beetle shown in figure 

 7. Toads devour many of them ; cedar birds and other birds also 

 destroy many. It shovdd be noticed that if bands about the tree 

 are used they should be in place early in the spring, and as some 

 escape from the ground and lay their eggs in the fall it is well to 

 apply them also in October, when they may remain all winter. 



The fall canker worm is very similar in appearance to the spe- 

 cies just described, and was long confounded with it. Dr. Riley, 

 from whose paper the accompanying cuts are taken, first showed 

 the differences between the species with such fullness and accuracy 

 that they could, in most cases, be easily separated ; and the dis- 

 tinction is an important one, because the remedies applied and the 

 mode of application differ somewhat in the two cases, as there is 

 difference in their habits. 



THE FALL CANKER WORM. 



Anisopte7'yx pornetaria^ Harr., is found, not only in the fall, 

 but throughout the season in one form or another. The moths of 

 Anisopteryx vernata, though generally appearing in the spring, 

 may appear in the fall, or even in winter during several warm 



Figure 44. 



Anisopteryx pometaria, Harr. 

 Eggs, Larva and Chrysalis. 

 days, but the y4?z/5o//eryA- ^owe/rt:r/a only appear in the fall and, 

 after laying their eggs, perish. This latter species is not so gen- 

 erally injurious as the spring canker worm, for they are not so 

 general feeders, confining themselves mostly to the elm, although 

 they feed also upon apple and pear trees. Although the eggs are 

 laid at different times, they hatch at about the same time in the 

 spring. The egg of the fall canker worm differs very greatly in 

 form and appearance from the other species, as a comparison of 



