81 



replaced by a pair ot" cye-likc bodies, which probablv serve as a 

 secondary pair of eves. Prevention is eminently belter than cure, 

 in case of scale insects. If they are only detected when they first 

 appear, they can be readily removed by a blunt-edged knife or 

 stick. If too late for this, washing the twigs with strong lye water, 

 kerosene emulsion, or some such substance, is beneficial. Very 

 likely other species of scale will be found on the elm as the group 

 is more carefidly studied. A new insect not known in this country 

 until within a few years, is allied to the scale insect, though instead 

 of a scale it protects itself by a cushion of cottony fibres. This 

 mav properly be called, though the name is not very distinctive, 



IMPORTED ELM LEAF APIIIS. 



This was first described in this country by Mr. L O. Howard, 

 Assistant Entomologist United States Agricultural Department, 

 and to him I am indebted for the accompanying figures. It was 

 first discovered in 1884, in Westchester County, N. Y., and from 

 there specimens were sent to Washington, and afterward other 

 specimens from other localities. Mr. Howard, far more completely 

 than any one else, has worked out the life history of this insect, 

 antl to his account published in Insect Life, vol. 2, p. 84, we are 

 much indebted. The insect has been gradually extending, and 

 now has quite a wide range over the country. How long it has 

 been in Vermont I do not know. I thst found it in Burlington in 

 1889. Whether our specimens have come from other infested 

 American elms originally, or from European elms, which have 

 been planted here, of which there are a few, I cannot tell, but it is 

 here at any rate, and its history is of suflficient interest to demand 

 some attention. It is reported as abundant near Boston. Its 

 fond habit seems to vary somewhat, for we are told that in Cam- 

 bridge, Mass., it is found upon the slippery elm ; in Washington 

 it occurs upon the European and several other species. Here it 

 occurs on the comuKJU .\inerican elm, and I have followed it lor 

 some time in its development upon this tree. During the late tall 

 and winter we find it dormant in the crevices of the bark. Speci- 

 mens which I examined in Xovcml)cr, or in some cases earlier, 

 and others collected in Jrfnuary and March, were precisely alike, 

 having the form antl appearance of those shown in figure <H . 



