86 



American elm, two species of European elm, the slippery elm 

 and the cork elm, Ulmus raceinosa. 



In regard to the presence and spread of the insect under consid- 

 eration Mr. Howard says : 



" The finding of Gossyparia idini upon American elms and 

 upon European elms in this country was quite to be expected, and 

 the only wonder is that it has not been found and recognized be- 

 fore. The species of Coccidae have already extremely wide ranges, 

 and every season still further extends them. Of our admitted 

 North American Coccid faima twenty-three species are ol Euro- 

 pean origin (one more doubtfully so), three are from Australia 

 and New Zealand, while sixty-nine are either truly North Ameri- 

 can or their original home is unknown. As several of these are 

 found only on hot-house plants, they are certainly not North Am- 

 erican. Several others are found on both native and imported 

 plants and there are no data upon which to decide upon their 

 proper faunal position. The fact that the Gossyparia prefers 

 American elms at Cambridge is by no means without precedent 

 in the group, and as another instance it may lie mentioned that the 

 beautiful oak-scale Asterodiaspisquercicola (Bouche), recognized 

 by Comstock in 1880 upon foreign oaks on the Department of 

 Agriculture grounds, is at the present time to be found almost 

 solely upon American oaks in the same grove." Insect Life vol. 

 11 p. 41. 



In considering remedies, perhaps not very much need be added 

 to what has already been given among general insecticides. In 

 the spring and early summer, kerosene emulsion or carbolic acid 

 emulsion sprayed over the trees would prove a check. Mr. Jack 

 says that as Amold abortum whale oil soap and kerosene were 

 used successfully on the trunk and larger limbs and twigs. The 

 lady-birds already fully noticed should not be overlooked in this 

 connection. On the same trees which were infested with Gassy- 

 par ia I found at different times during the winter, groups of lady- 

 birds also hibernating in the same* crevices and doubtless the 

 beetles were awake as early in the spring as were the lice ready to 

 feed upon them and to lay eggs among them which should soon 

 hatch into larva that would be veritable lions and tigers to the 

 young lice. The species most common was Adalia bipmictata 

 the two spotted lady-bird and I have no doubt that these beetles 

 are most serviceable in keeping tlic plant lice in check. In Cali- 



