88 



both economically and scientifically. It has been made the object 

 of very careful and thorough study by Dr. Riley, and to his paper 

 we are indebted for the cuts which illustrate the species, as well as 

 for many facts. This insect attacks chiefly the under side of elm 

 leaves, and by its punctures causes them to swell and crumple, as 

 shown in figure 65. 



Figure 65. 



Schizoneura americana, Riley. 

 Elm Gall Louse. 



a. egg, as found in the winter ; b. female in the spring ; c. leaf curled, and with galls ; 



d. winged female; e. wingless female;^, tarsus oi e.\ h. antenna of fourth 



generation ; y. tarsus of d. ; i. antenna of d. 



The leaves are often very much more crumpled and rolled up 

 than that shown in the figure. Indeed, I have found this species on 

 young leaves, which they had so aft'ected that they were almost 

 globular. The eggs are minute yellow bodies, figure 65, a., which 

 deposited in the crevices of the bark are often covered and par- 

 tially protected by the dried skin of the mother. The eggs are 

 about two hundredths of an inch long. In the spring when the 

 buds begin to swell and open, these eggs hatch, and the young 

 larvae at once make their way to the ends of the twigs and attach 

 themselves by their beaks to the young leaves on the under side, 



