I04 Anuals Entomological Society of America [Vol. Ill, 



SPECIAL PART. 



THE SUBORDERS. 



Jugatae: Unfortunately I have only the hij^jhcst family, 



Hcpialidac, of this suborder for examination. Probably the 



head characters will hold in the other families, so far as they are 



primitive in their nature, such as the palpi, ocelli and galea, but 



the others will be very likely to fail. 



Frontal punctures more widely separated than frontal setae; 

 the four anterior eyes arranged in two pairs; galea with the area of 

 membrane on the mesal aspect, one of the large cones being shifted far 

 proximad on that side; second joint of palpi more distinct than in the 

 Frenatae and shaped like the free distal ones; an anterior subdorsal 

 seta present on the meso- and metathorax, besides the minute pri- 

 maries; iiia of abdomen large and dorsal to iii ; ix of abdomen large, on 

 leg-base. 



The abdominal setae i\', v and vi of Hepialus hectus are ar- 

 ranged verv' much as in Incurvaria. The hooks of the prolegs 

 form a circle broken shortly on the inner side; they are all of 

 one length, but there is a double series of rudimentary hooks at 

 their base. 



Figures 27, 30, 33. 



Frenatae (including Rhopalocera) : Frontal punctures closer 

 together than frontal seta; ; the four anterior eyes forming an arc of a 

 circle; base of galea with the area of membrane on the anterior side, 

 and with the large cones nearly opposite the maxillary lobes; first two 

 joints of palpi quite similar, very short, and completely fused into 

 the maxillae; no anterior subdorsal seta on thorax (except in Litho- 

 siidae, which are otherwise very highly developed Frenatae) ; iiia of 

 abdomen minute, usually lying between iii and the spiracle; ix of 

 abdomen minute. 



The prolegs of Adela arc probably more primitive than those 



of Hepialus. 



SuPERFAMiLY Papilionina (including the Hesperiina) : * 



Prolegs with hooks alternately of three, very rarely of two, lengths, 

 either in a complete circle or a straight line. Secondary hair present 

 (on body, epicrania, front, mandibles and stipes, and sometimes 

 everywhere except on the tips of the mouthparts and the antennae.) 

 Labium narrower than the maxillae, and narrower at the base than 

 one of the submcnta. 



• Sec Scuddcr, Butterflies of Eastern North America; for a good many additional characters, 

 and for descriptions of all the known eastern species. 



Of the Hesperiina I have seen no caterpillars of the Megathymid.-e. The characters I have 

 italicized should be expected to apply to them as well as the Hcsperiida", while the small, normal 

 head will separate them. 



