io6 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. ITT, 



G. Front broad and epicrania high (as in Papilio) labrum with secondary 

 setae; mentum only 1-1 as wide as stipes. liuplocinae 



hxamplc: Anosia plcxippiis (Fig. 12). 



6. Front much higher than broad, and usually reaching more than half way 



to vertex; labrum with very few or no secondary setae; mentum wider. 



go to 7. 



7. Laljnun with i and ii low down near margin, and notch very shallow; 



mentum without .secondaries; two minute points projecting back 

 from rear of body, Vjut otherwise unarmed. Satyrinac 



^xamYiXe: Ccrcyonis alope. (Fig. 19). 

 7. Labrum normal, with moderate notch, setae all about equal and i and ii 

 far above the level of v and vi ; mentum with secondaries (only^one 

 odd one in my sjjecimen of Euphydryas jjhaeton). Body more gener- 

 ally spined, (or else entirely unarmed, in Anaea). Xymphaliitac 

 Examples: Argynnis cybclc. Ar^ynnini (¥\g. 14). 

 Euphydryas phaeton. Mcliiacini (Fig. 15). 

 Polvgouia iutcrroij^atioms. Vancsiini (Fig. 10). 

 Eiivancssa autiopa. Vaucssini (Fig. 17). 

 liasilarchia disippits. Xymphalini {Figs. 18&36). 



Spines very unequal in Basilarchia. . 

 No unpaired spines in Basilarchia, Argynnis. 

 Two unpaired spines on last segment in Euphydryas. 

 Two spines to a segment in subventral row in Euphydryas. 

 Hooks of prolegs less regularly arranged in Basilarchia. 

 Ventral legs with hooks of two lengths only in Euphydryas, of 

 four lengths in Polygonia. 



30 hooks in Euphydryas, 50 in Vasessini, GO in Basilarchia. 



Clypeus and adf without secondary setae in Basilarchia. 



Mentum with most setae in Euvanessa. 



Postgena wider in Euvanessa. 



Labrum with secondary setae in Argynnis. 



THE SPECIALIZED MACROFRENAT^. 



Following the Butterflies there comes a series of families 

 which include the larger and better-known moths. These may 

 be divided for convenience into two groups, which perhaps 

 represent very early-separated lines of descent. 



The first group, which seems to be especially associated with 

 a tree habitat, may be roughly defined by the presence of four 

 setae on the outer side of the legplate (the upper one of which will 

 be spoken of in this article as vib), by the usually rather small 

 front and large epicrania, and especially by the hooks of the 

 jDrolegs, which are alternately of two lengths. The caterpillar 

 very frequently has secondary hair, obscuring the arrangement 

 of the primaries ; and the imago shows a very strong tendency to 

 lose the frenulum. (It is minute or wanting in the Saturniidae, 

 Ceratocampidae, Lasiocampidae, Endromidae, Bombycidae, Dre- 

 panidae and Lacosomidae, also in a few Sphingidae and Geome- 

 tridae). Most of the families are small, and the type, except as 



