io8 Annals Entomological Society of America [\^ol. Ill, 



Sphingidae. 



Minute secondary hair on epicrania, front, adfrontals, maxillae, 

 labium and body; none on clypeus, labrum, mandibles, or distal parts 

 of maxillae and labium ; primary hairs Hi and ii' of abdomen usually 

 distinct (directly above and below the spiracle), i, ii and Hi of epi- 

 crania also sometimes distinct, never with tufted hair or branching 

 spines. Epicrania large, extending more than the height of the front 

 above its top, usually much more, ii of adfrontals about at their 

 middle (they are usually the lowest setae the adfrontals bear) ; labrum 

 with vi decidedly more distant from the margin than v, Hi and iv 

 not very close together; mandible with one seta far out near tip of 

 scrobe; mentum very wide at base, without distinct submenta; prolegs 

 with a single band of hooks alternately of two lengths, the anal prolegs 

 the largest; caudal horn present except in Ellema. 



Sesiinae: Primaries i, ii and iii of epicrania easily recognized by 

 their enlarged punctures ; lower ocellus rather farther than usual from 

 the others; front wider than high, its width nearly half as great as 

 height of head; adfrontals very narrow and with very irregular 

 outer margin ; clypeus very narrow, the setae close together, separated 

 by only about 1-7 the distance between the two setae i; head setae 

 black and conspicuous under a lens; labrum with setae i and ii in a 

 straight line, iii farther from the margin than iv, vi distant from the 

 margin only about l-() of height of labrum, notch shallow; two conical 

 spines on anal plate.* 



Example Pseudosphinx tetrio, I'^igs. 47 and 50. 



(The remaining subfamilies have primaries of epicrania rarely 

 distinct, front usually higher than wide, adfrontals wider, clypeus 

 usually wider, especially at the two ends, with the setae of each pair 

 farther apart, head setae colorless, labrum with setas i and ii out of 

 line, iii often as near the margin as iv, vi usually much higher, and the 

 notch much deeper, anal plate unarmed). 



AcHERONTiiNAE (Sphingicac only were examined). Head higher 

 than wide, rather regularly rounded, or moderately tapering toward 

 the vertex, a large number of very minute setae on the epicrania, aver- 

 aging eight or ten in a portion of the epicrania the size of the front, 

 arising from depressions on the surface, front with very sinuous mar- 

 gins, labrum deeply notched; skin usually smooth in last stage; horn 

 always normal. 



Body rough and granular, four short soft horns on thorax; two 

 oblifjue lines of granules on each segment besides the mid -dorsal line; 

 labrum with v distant from margin; mandiltle with teeth less distinct 

 than usual in the family; posterior ocellus rather high, front only 1-3 

 height of head and with exceptionally sinuous outer margin; head dis- 

 tinctly tapering toward vertex, widest near Viase. 



Exam])le Ceratomia amyntor Figs. 45 and 49. 



Widest j)oint of head about halfway up; front proportionately very 

 wide toward the apex. Horn at the middle about as thick as at base. 

 Posterior ocellus a little lower; front about two-fifths height of head. 

 Exam] lie Sphinx gordius. 



• Hemaris is less aberrant. 



